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Anatomy > Cranium, Brain, Nerves > Flashcards

Cranium, Brain, Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main two parts of the cranium?

A

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

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2
Q

Neurocranium bones

8

A
  1. frontal
  2. ethmoid
  3. sphenoid
  4. occipital
  5. temporal (2)
  6. parietal (2)
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3
Q

Viscerocranium

15

A
  1. mandible
  2. ethmoid
  3. vomer
  4. maxilla (2)
  5. inferior nasal concha (2)
  6. zygomatic (2)
  7. palatine (2)
  8. nasal (2)
  9. lacrimal (2)
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4
Q

Sutures and age of closure

A
  1. Metopic- closes at 3-9 months
  2. Coronal suture- age 24
  3. Sagittal suture- begins at age 29, complete at 35
  4. Lambdoid suture- full fusion may never occur, but btw 30-40
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5
Q

anterior cranial fossa contains

A

the frontal lobe of the brain

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6
Q

Cribriform foramina in cribriform plate contains

A

Axons of olfactory epithelium that form Olfactory CN I

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7
Q

Middle cranial fossa contains ____

A

temporal lobes of brain

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8
Q

Optic canals contain ______

A

Optic nerves CN II and ophthalmic arteries

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9
Q

Superior orbital fissure contains _____

A

opthalmic veins

ophthalmic nerve ( part of CN V)

Oculomotor nerve CN III

trochlear nerve (part of CN IV)

abducens nerve CN VI and sympathetic fibers

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10
Q

Foramen rotundum contains _____

A

maxillary nerve (CN V2)

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11
Q

Foramen ovale contains ______

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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12
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery/vein

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13
Q

Foramen lacerum contains _____

A

nothing passes through, but opening is covered by internal carotic artery

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14
Q

Carotid Canal contains _____

A

Internal carotid artery

sympathetic fibers

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15
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Cerebellum

pons

medulla oblongata

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16
Q

Foramen magnum contains ______

A

spinal cord and meninges

vertebral arteries

dural veins

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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17
Q

Jugular foramen contains _____

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

vagus nerve (CN X)

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Internal jugular vein

inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

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18
Q

Hypoglossal canal contains _____

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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19
Q

Internal auditory meatus contains ______

A

Facial (CN VII)

Vestibulocochlear nerves (CN VIII)

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20
Q

What are the two parts of the Dura Mater?

A
  • External periosteal layer
  • internal meningeal layer
    • continues at the foramen magnum with dura to cover the spinal cord
    • comes away from the periosteal layer to divide the cracial cavity into compartments
21
Q

What are the 4 dural infoldings?

A
  1. falx cerebri
  2. tentorium cerebelli
  3. falx cerebelli
  4. and diaphragma sellae
22
Q

how does the falx cerebri partition the brain?

A

separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

23
Q

How does the tentorium cerebelli partition the brain?

A
  • Separates the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum
  • divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments
24
Q

How does the Falx cerebelli partition the prain?

A

partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

25
Q

How does the diaphragma sellae partition the brain?

A

circular extension that forms a partial roof over the hypophyseal fossa

26
Q

What vascularizes and innervates the dura mater?

A
  • Middle meningeal artery
    • enters the middle cranial fossa through the foramen spinosum
    • rupture may lead to epidural hematoma
  • Innervated by three branches of CN V
27
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory nerve

special sensory olfaction from nasal mucosa

found in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

28
Q

CN II

A

Optic

special sensory vision from retina

exits cranium through Optic canal/foramen

29
Q

CN III

A
  • Occulomotor nerve
  • somatic motor of most eye muscles
  • parasympathetic innervation of sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles (constricts pupil and helps with near vision)
  • presynaptic fibers synapse at ciliary ganglion and postsynaptic fibers continue to eyeball
30
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear nerve

motor to superior oblique eye muscle

exits cranium via superior orbital fissure

31
Q

What happens with an injury to CN IV?

A

diplopia when looking down

32
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens nerve

motor to lateral rectus eye muscle

exits cranium via superior orbital fissure

33
Q

What happens with an injury to CN VI?

A

inability to abduct the eyeball to affected side

34
Q

Where do the presynaptic fibers that innervate the eye by the SNS originate from?

35
Q

What are the three divisions of CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve:

V1 = Opthalmic

V2 = maxillary

V3 = mandibular

36
Q

CN V1

A
  • Opthalmic nerve
  • exits via superior orbital fissure
  • somatic sensory from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, and nasal cavity
37
Q

CN V2

A

Maxillary

exits via foramen rotunda

somatic sensory of skin over maxilla, mucosal of nose, palate

38
Q

CN V3

A
  • Mandibular
  • exits via foramen ovale
  • sensory of skin over mandible, lower lip, lower teeth, side of head, temporomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth, anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • motor to muscles of mastication
39
Q

CN VII

A
  • Facial nerve
  • exits via stylomastoid foramen via the internal acoustic meatus
  • motor of facial muscles
  • sensory to small area near external acoustic meatus
  • helps transmit taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and palatte
40
Q

Visceral motor pathway of CN VII

A
  • Pterygopalatine ganglia to innervate lacrimal, nasal, pharyngeal, palatine glants
  • Submandibular ganglia to innervate submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
41
Q

What is the geniculum?

A

the sharp bend of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Contains geniculate ganglion, the sensory component of CN VII

42
Q

What are the 6 terminal branches of CN VII?

A
  1. Posterior auricle
  2. temporal
  3. zygomatic
  4. buccal
  5. mandibular
  6. cervical
43
Q

CN VIII

A
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve
  • Vestibular
    • exits via the internal acoustic meatus
    • special sensory for balance and equilibrium
  • Cochlear
    • exits via the internal acoustic meatus
    • special sensory of hearing
44
Q

CN IX

A
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • exits via jugular foramen
  • motor of the stylopharngeas muscle- assists with swallowing and gag reflex
  • sensory of external ear, pharynx, middle ear
  • special sensory taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue
45
Q

Parasympathetic pathway of CN IX

A

Inferior salivatory nucleas to otic ganglion to parotid gland

46
Q

CN X

A
  • Vagus nerve
  • exits via jugular foramen
  • motor to constrict muscle of the larynx, pharynx, palate, superior 2/3 of esophagus
  • sensory from auricle, external acoustic meatus, and dural mater of posterior cranial fossa
  • special sensory of taste from epiglotis and palate
47
Q

CN XI

A
  • Spinal accessory nerve
  • exits via jugular foramen
  • motor to the sternocleidmastoid and trapezious muscles
48
Q

CN XII

A
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • exits via hypoglossal canal
  • motor to extrinsic muscles (styloglossus, hypoglossus, genioglossus) and intrinsic (tongue)

Anatomy (9 decks)

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