Heart Flashcards
Righ aruicle
Right atrium
- muscular pouch that increases capacity
- overlaps ascending aorta
Coronary sinus
Right atrium
receives blood from coronary veins
Sinus venarum of Right atrium
location
- Smooth area
- SVC level at 3rd intercostal space
- IVC level at 5th intercostal
- Coronary sinus located between right AV orifice and IVC orifice
Crista terminalis
of right atrium
ridge that separates the sinus venarum and pectinate muscles
Pectinate muscles and interatrial septum
- Pectinate muscles are the muscular wall
- Interartial septum
- separates atria
- oval fossa- remnant of of the fetal foramen ovale
Tricuspid Valve
location
description
Cordae tendineae
normal valve opening measurements
- R atrioventricular valve (AV)
- Three cusps- anterior, septal, and posterior
- Cordae tendineae
- attach to anterior, septal, and posterior papillary muscles
- prevent valve from prolapsing during ventricular contraction (systole)
- papillary muscles contract slightly before ventricle to draw cusps together
- normal valve opening 4-6 cm2
Conus arteriosus
RV
- leads to pulmonary trunk
Trabeculae carneae
RV
Irregular muscular elevations
Papillary muscles
RV
connect to chordae tendinae
Intraventricular septum
RV
Separates Left and Right ventricles
***bulges into the right ventricle due to increased pressure in left
Septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)
RV
- Carries part of the right bundle branches of the AV bundle to the anterior papillary muscle
- Facilitates conduction time and allows for coordinated contraction of the anterior papillary muscle.
Pulmonary valve
location
normal opening
- Semilunar valve
- apex of the conus ateriosus at 3rd costal cartilage
- Three cusps- anterior, right, and left
- Normal valve opening: 2 cm2
Left Atrium
parts and description
- Left auricle
- overlaps pulmonary trunk
- contains pectinate muscles
- Four valve less pulmonary veins
- Right and left superior and inferior
- posterior wall
- slightly thicker wall than right atrium
Mitral Valve
location
of cusps
normal valve opening
- Bicuspid valve, Left AV valve
- 4th costal cartilage
- two cusps- anterior and posterior
- Cordae/tendineae and papillary muscles
- Normal valve opening 4-6 cm2
Left Ventricle
parts and function
- Walls are 2-3 times thicker than right ventricle
- Trabeculae carneae
- finer but more numerous than RV
- Anterior and posterior papillary muscles
- larger than those in right ventricle
- Aortic vestibule
- smooth walled area leading to aortic orifice
- Aortic orifice
- outflow to ascending aorta
- contains aortic valve
Aortic valve
location
of cusps
location of coronary sinuses
normal valve opening
- Semilunar valve
- Apex of the aortic vestibule
- Three cusps- left, right, and posterior
- Aortic sinus just superior to the cusps, at the start of the ascending aorta
- normal valve opening: 2.5-4.5 cm2
Which aortic sinuses contain openings of coronary arteries?
- Right aortic sinus contains the opening of the right coronary artery
- Left aortic sinus contains the opening of the left coronary artery
- posterior aortic sinus does not contain a coronary artery
Where do you listen to hear the S1 heart sound?
- Tricuspid valve
- near left sternal border in the 5th intercostal space
- Mitral valve
- apex of the heart in 5th intercostal space, midclaviclular line
Where do you listen to hear the S2 heart sound?
- Aortic valve
- 2nd intercostal space, Right of sternal border
- Pulmonary valve
- 2nd intercostal space, left of sternal border
Where does the blood supply for endocardium come from?
supplied by blood in the chambers of the heart
What is the difference between a Right dominant system and a left dominant system?
Whichever side is “dominant” is the coronary artery that feeds the posterior interventricular branch
Right coronary artery
Arises from
typically supplies
- arises from the Right aortic sinus
- typically supplies:
- RA
- most of RV
- part of LV
- part of IV septum (posterior third)
- SA node (60% of people)
- AV node (89% of people)
What are the branches off the Right Coronary artery
- Sinu-atrial nodal branch
- SA node
- Right marginal branch
- Right border of the heart
- AV nodal branch
- Crux of the heart- junction of septa and walls of the four chambers
- AV node
Left coronary artery
arises from
location
typically supplies
- Arises from left aortic sinus
- runs along the coronary sinus
- typically supplies
- LA
- most of the LV
- part of RV
- most of the IV septum (anterior two thirds)
- AV bundle of conducting tissue
- SA node in 40% of people
Great cardiac vein
location and empties into
- close proximity to LAD and circumflex
- empties into coronary sinus
Middle cardiac vein
location
empties into
- close proximity to posterior interventricular branch
- empties into coronary sinus
Small cardiac vein
location
empties into
- close proximity to RCA
- empties into coronary sinus
Coronary sinus
empties into
empties into right atrium
Anterior cardiac veins empty directly into ______
RA
conducting path
- SA node
- Internodal tracts to depolarize atria
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
Sympathetic pathway to innervate heart
- presynaptic fibers with bodies in intermediolateral cell colums T1-T5
- postsynaptic fibers with bodies in the cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks
- Post synaptic fibers end in the SA and AV nodes (close to coronary arteries)
- Increase HR and contractility
- dilate coronary arteries by inhibiting constriction
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart
- Superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
- presynaptic fibers of CN X
- Postsynaptic cell bodies located near SA and AV nodes and along coronary arteries
- slows HR and decreased contractility
- constricts coronary arteries
