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Anatomy > Cervical region, face, temporal > Flashcards

Cervical region, face, temporal Flashcards

1
Q

deep Cervical Fascia

A

Investing

Pretracheal

Prevertebral

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2
Q

Investing layer

A
  • surrounds entire neck deep to skin and subq tissue
  • encloses sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
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3
Q

Carotid sheath contains…

A
  • common and internal carotid arteries
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus nerve
  • carotid sinus nerve (from glossopharyngeal nerve)
  • sympathetic fibers
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4
Q

What is in the prevertebral fascia layer?

A
  • vertebral column
  • longus colli, longus capitis
  • scalenes
  • deep cervical muscles
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5
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal space?

What does it do?

A
  • potential space between the visceral part of the prevertebral layer and the buccopharyngeal fascia
  • permits movement of pharynx, esophagus, larynx, trachea relative to the vertebral column during swallowing
  • major area for spread of infection
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6
Q

sternocleidomastoid

innervation

action

A
  • Spinal accessory nerve
  • Unilateral: laterally flexes neck, turning face toward opposite side
  • Bilateral: extends neck at atlanto-occipital joint
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7
Q

Mylohyoid

innervation and action

A
  • branch of CN V3
  • elevates hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue with swallowing and speaking
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8
Q

Geniohyoid

innervation and action

A
  • C1 via hypoglossal nerve
  • pulls hyoid anterosuperior, shortens floor of mouth, widens pharynx
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9
Q

Stylohyoid

innervation and action

A
  • stylohyoid branch of facial nerve
  • elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth
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10
Q

Digastric

innervation and action

A
  • anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid, branch of CN V3
  • Posterior belly: digastric branch of facial nerve
  • depresses mandible, elevates and steadies hyoid with swallowing and speaking
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11
Q

Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternothyroid

innervation and action

A
  • C1-C3 by a branch of the ansa cervicalis
  • C2-C3 for sternothyroid
  • depresses hyoid
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12
Q

Thyrohyoid

innervation and action

A
  • C1 via hypoglossal nerve
  • depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
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13
Q

Anterior and middle scalenes

action

A

flexes neck laterally

elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

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14
Q

What makes up the Ansa Cervicalis and what does it innervate?

A
  • Superior root- C1 and hypoglossal nerve
    • innervates superior belly of omohyoid
  • Inferior root- C2 and C3
    • innervates sternothyroid, sternohyoid, inferior belly of omohyoid
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15
Q

Lesser Occipital nerve (C2) inervates ______

A

skin of neck and scalp posterosuperior to auricle

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16
Q

Greater Auricular nerve (C2 and C3) innervates ______

A

skin of posterior aspect auricle, angle of mandible, and mastoid process

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17
Q

Transverse cervical nerve (C2 and C3) innervates ______

A

skin of anterior cervical region

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18
Q

Supraclavicular nerve (C3 and C4) innervates ________

A

skin of the neck, clavicle, and shoulder

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19
Q

What feeds into the phrenic nerve?

What path does it take?

A

C3-C5

mostly C4

Comes out between anterior and middle scalene

Goes posterior to subclavian vein and anterior to sublcavian artery

Goes anterior to heart

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20
Q

What does the phrenic nerve innervate?

A

Motor and sensory to diaphragm

sensation to mediastinum pleura and pericardium

Receives sympathetic communicating fibers from cervical sympathetic ganglia

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21
Q

Hypoglossal CN XII innervates ______

A
  • Somatic motor of the tongue
    • styloglossus
    • hyoglossus
    • genioglossus
    • and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
  • Hypoglossal nerve is the superior root of the Ansa Cervicalis to supply the infrahyoid muscles
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22
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve innervates ________

A
  • somatic motor
    • stylopharyngeus muscle for swallowing and gag reflex
  • visceral motor
    • parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland via otic ganglion
  • Special sensory
    • taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
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23
Q

Vagus nerve somatic innervation

and special sensory

A
  • somatic motor
    • constrictor muscles of pharynx, larynx palate and muscle in superior 2/3 of esophagus
  • somatic sensation
    • auricle
    • external acoustic meatus
    • dura mater of posterior cranial fossa
  • special sensory
    • taste from epiglottis and palate
24
Q

Vagus nerve visceral innervation

A
  • Visceral motor
    • parasympathetic innervation to smooth muscle of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, and cardiac muscle
  • visceral sensory
    • from base of tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, and intestine
25
Q

Pathway of the Vagus Nerve

A
  • Both the Left and right vagus nerve have the superior laryngeal nerve split off
    • This splits into the internal and external laryngeal divisions at the level of the greater nornu of the hyoid bone
  • Right Vagus- passes anterior to the first part of subclavian artery posterior to the brachiocephalic vein and sternoclavicular joint
  • Left vagus descends between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries and posterior sternoclavicular joint
26
Q

What does the Right recurrent laryngeal nerve come off of and what does it innervate?

A

comes off the Right Vagus

Loops underneath subclavian

innervates the laryngeal muscles except the Cricothyroid

27
Q

What does the Left recurrent laryngeal nerve come off of and what does it innervate?

A

Comes off the Left Vagus nerve

loops below the aorta and innervates the muscles of the larynx except for Cricothyroid

28
Q

What forms the stellate ganglion?

what is this site used for?

A
  • Inferior cervical ganglia fused with first thoracic ganglion
    • this is site for cervicothoracic ganglion block used for vascular spasms of brain and upper limb
29
Q

What happens with a lesion of the cervical sympathetic trunk?

A
  • Horner syndrome
    • pupillary constriction
    • Ptosis (drooping of eyelid)
    • enopthalmos (sinking in of eyeball)
    • Anhidrosis (loss of sweating) and vasodilation
30
Q

What arteries do the Right cervical arteries come off of?

A
  • Right
    • Brachiocephalic trunk
      • becomes right common carotid and R subclavian
    • Right subclavian artery
31
Q

What are the 4 branches off the subclavians?

medial to latera

A
  • vertebral arteries
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • costocervical trunk
32
Q

Where does the common carotid divide?

A

at the superior border of thyroid cartilage

33
Q

Internal carotid arteries

Does it have cervical branches?

where does it enter cranium?

A
  • No cervical branches
  • enter into cranium through carotid canals
  • main arteries of the brain and structures in the orbits
34
Q

External carotid arteries

what do they supply?

what are the terminal branches?

A
  • Supply most structures external to cranium
  • terminal branches: Maxiallary and superficial temporal arteries
  • six other branches
35
Q

Carotid body

Where is it?

What innervates it?

What does it do?

A
  • Medial (deep) side of the bifurcation of the common carotid
  • Innervated by the carotid branch (sinus nerve of Hering) of Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and superior cervical ganglion
  • action:
    • chemoreceptor monitors level of O2 in blood
    • low O2 stimulates a reflex that increases rate/depth of respiration, HR and BP
36
Q

Caronid sinus

Where is it?

innervation?

what does it do?

A
  • at the bifurcation of common carotid- slight dilation
  • innervated by carotic branch (sinus nerve of Hering) of glossopharyngeal nerve, Vagus nerve, and superior cervical ganglion
  • action:
    • baroreceptor
    • stimulated by increases in arterial blood pressure results in decrease of HR and SVR
37
Q

External jugular vein

A
  • begins near the angle of the mandible, terminates in the sublcavian veins
  • receives blood from the cervicodorsal, suprascapular and anterior jugular veins
38
Q

Internal jugular vein

A
  • drains blood from brain, anterior face, cervical viscera, and deep muscles of neck
  • jugular foramen to sublcavian vein within the carotid sheath
  • lateral to carotid artery and CN X
39
Q

Subclavian vein

A
  • Anterior to the anterior scalene and prenic nerve
  • Joins IJV and EJV to form brachiocephalic vein –> superior vena cava
40
Q

Thyroid gland

location

affiliated arteries and nerves

A
  • deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid
  • level of C5-T1
  • two main arteries
    • superior thyroid (branch of external carotid)
    • Inferior thyroid (branch of thyrocervical trunk
  • nerves are from cervical sympathetic ganglia
    • vasomotor
    • endocrine secretion is regulated by pituitary gland
  • ****Note: where in pic does a trach go and where do you crich?
41
Q

Parathyroid gland

location

innervation

A
  • four dots on the posterior aspect of thyroid
  • nerves come from cervical sympathetic ganglia
    • vasomotor
    • endocrine secretion regulated by pituitary gland
42
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Voluntary, striated muscle in upper 1/3
  • involuntary smooth muscle lower 1/3
  • mix in the middle 1/3
  • innervation:
    • superior half: sensory and somatic via recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus
    • inferior half: parasympathetic innervation and sensory by vagus nerve, vasomotor fibers by cervical sympathetic trunks
43
Q

what muscle creates the superior esophageal sphincter

A

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

44
Q

Occipitofrontalis

innervation and action

A
  • innervation: facial nerve
  • action: elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead
45
Q

Orbicularis oculi

I and A

A
  • I: Facial nerve
  • A: closes eyelids; orbital sphincter
46
Q

Orbicularis oris

I and A

A
  • I: Facial nerve
  • A: closes mouth, compresses and protrudes lips
47
Q

Buccinator

I and A

A
  • I: Facial nerve
  • A: presses cheek against molar teeth; works with tong to keep food between occlusal surfaces
48
Q

Platysma

I and A

A
  • I: facial nerve
  • A: depresses mandible, tenses skin of inferior face and neck
49
Q

What nerves innervate all the muscles of facial expression?

A
  • Facial nerve
    • posterior auricular branch
    • temporal branch (nerve stimulator)
    • zygomatic branches
    • buccal branch
    • mandibular branch
    • cervical branch
50
Q

What is Bells palsy?

A

injury to the facial nerve that results in unilateral paralysis of some or all of the muscles on the affected side

51
Q

Cutaneous division of the face

Anterior to the auricle

A

V1, V2, V3

52
Q

Cutaneous innervation back of head

posterior to the auricle

A

spinal cutaneous nerves

53
Q

Where do most superficial arteries of the face arise from?

A

external carotid artery

*except supratrochlear and supra orbital arteries which arise from the internal carotid artery

54
Q

Where do the majority of facial veins drain?

A

Internal jugular vein

**Except auricular and post auricular region veins drain into the external jugular vein

55
Q

Parotid gland

innervation

A
  • parasympathetic innervation via glossopharyngeal nerve via otic ganglion
  • **note the pathway of facial nerve
56
Q

Muscles of mastication (4)

innervation

A
  • innervated by motor root of V3
    • temporalis
    • masseter
    • lateral pterygoid
    • medial pterygoid
57
Q

What is in the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • maxillary artery
  • V3
  • Chorda tympani

Anatomy (9 decks)

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