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RADT 3020 Rad. Procedures 1 > Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Fracture of the distal radius and ulnar styloid with posterior displacement
More frequent in older adults who fall on an outstretched hand

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2
Q

Smith’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the distal radius and ulnar styloid with anterior displacement
Also known as Reverse Colles’

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3
Q

Torus or Buckle fracture

A

Impacted fracture with a bulging periosteum

Most common fracture of the distal radius and ulnar in young children

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4
Q

Technique for a PA wrist and an Oblique wrist

A

54 @ 2

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5
Q

Technique for a Lateral wrist and an AP and lateral forearm

A

60 @ 2
60 @ 4
60 @ 4

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6
Q

Common wrist fractures

A

Colles’, smith’s, torus or buckle

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7
Q

Wrist projections

A

PA, PA Ob, Lateral, ulnar deviation

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8
Q

PA wrist

A

Flex elbow 90 degrees, fingers flexed under hand to make wrist and hand on same plane, CR perpendicular to IR and centered at the mid carpal area/ wrist, collimating to include metacarpals and about one inch of the distal radius and ulna

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9
Q

PA Oblique wrist

A

Flex elbow 90 degrees, straighten fingers, externally rotate hand so that it makes a 45 degree angle with the IR, CR perpendicular to IR and centered at the mid carpal area/ wrist, collimating to include metacarpals and about one inch of the distal radius and ulna

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10
Q

PA Oblique wrist evaluation criterial

A

Slight overlap of radius and ulna, trapezium and scaphoid demonstrated,

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11
Q

Lateral wrist

A

Flex elbow 90 degrees, fingers straight, medial side of arm down, thumb side up but thumb straight with other fingers, radial and ulnar styloid should inline with one another and superimposed, CR perpendicular to IR and centered at the mid carpal area/ wrist, collimating to include metacarpals and about one inch of the distal radius and ulna

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12
Q

Lateral wrist evaluation criteria

A

Proximal half of the metacarpals should be superimposed, radius and ulna should be superimposed, and carpals should be superimposed

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13
Q

PA ulnar deviation

A

Flex elbow 90 degrees, turn hand outward towards the CR perpendicular to IR and centered at the scaphoid, collimating to include metacarpals and about one inch of the distal radius and ulna

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14
Q

PA ulnar deviation evaluation criterial

A

Scaphoid demonstrated without foreshortening and adjacent articulations open, extreme ulnar deviation

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15
Q

Essential projections for the forearm

A

AP and Lateral

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16
Q

AP forearm

A

Hand is supinated, anterior side up, make sure arm and shoulder are the same plane, elbow needs to be extended, collimation needs to include elbow joint and wrist joint (wrist to distal humerus)

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17
Q

AP forearm criteria

A

Elbow joint partially open, wrist to distal humerus demonstrated, no elongation or foreshortening of the humeral epicondyles

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18
Q

Lateral forearm

A

Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, ulnar and radial styloid processes superimposed, entire upper limb in the same plane, collimated field includes wrist to distal humerus, CR enters at midpoint of the forearm

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19
Q

What does the shoulder girdle consists of?

A

Clavicle and scapula, which articulates with the head of the humerus, the manubrieum of sternum and each other

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20
Q

The function of the shoulder girdle is to…

A

connect the upper limb to the trunk of the body

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21
Q

Is the humerus considered to be apart of the shoulder girdle?

A

NO

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22
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder?

A

Diarthrodial classification by function, synovial classification by anatomy, ball and socket type capable of all motions

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23
Q

What bone lies just above the first rib and is classified as a long bone?

A

Clavicle

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24
Q

The clavicle has a lateral end and a medial end called what?

A

Lateral- acromial extremity

Medial - sternal extremity

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25
Q

What bone is triangular in shape, forms the posterior portion of the shoulder girdle, and is classified as a flat bone?

A

The scapula

26
Q

The scapula has two surfaces called..

A

Costal - anterior

Dorsal - posterior

27
Q

The scapula has 3 borders called…

A

Lateral, medial, and superior

28
Q

The scapula has three angles which are..

A

Inferior angle, superior angle, and lateral angle

29
Q

On the posterior side of the scapula there is the __________ of the spine that eventually forms the _________ process.

A

Crest; acromion

30
Q

A fracture at the base of the first metacarpal

A

Bennet’s

31
Q

A fracture of the body of the fifth metacarpal

A

Boxer’s fracture

32
Q

Technique for digits

33
Q

All upper extremities are done at _____ inch SID

34
Q

Technique for a PA hand

35
Q

Technique for an oblique hand

36
Q

Technique for a lateral hand

37
Q

Essential projections for digits 2-5?

A

PA, PA Oblique, Lateral

38
Q

PA Positioning for digits 2-5?

A

Place hand prone flat on surface, center CR to the PIP, collimate to edges of the finger and 1.5 inch past knuckle

39
Q

PA oblique positioning for digits 2-5?

A

Angle hand 45 degrees to IR, CR enters at the PIP, collimate to the edges of finger and 1.5 inches past knuckle

40
Q

Evaluation of PA digit positioning

A

No rotation, concave phalanx bones, open IP and MCP joints (finger flat)

41
Q

PA Oblique digits 2-5 evaluation

A

Hand at 45 degrees, open IP and MCP joints, proximal phalanx and MCP demonstrated without superimposition of adjacent digits

42
Q

Lateral digits 2-5 positioning

A

Reduce magnification by placing the digit in a way where it is closest to the IR, flat, straight, lateral, injured finger is the only one extended the rest are flexed toward the hand, CR entering at the PIP joint

43
Q

Lateral evaluation of digits 2-5

A

True lateral, look for outline of soft tissue, look for a straight line on one side of the phalanx and a curved line on the other (anterior surface of the phalanges should be concave), open IP joint spaces,

44
Q

Essential projections for the thumb

A

AP, PA oblique, lateral

45
Q

AP positioning for the thumb

A

Hand in extreme internal rotation, flat on surface, posterior surface of thumb in contact with the IR, CR centered at MCP, collimation includes the entire thumb down to the trapezium carpal bone and surrounding soft tissue

46
Q

AP thumb evaluation

A

No rotation, shafts of metacarpal and phalanges should be concave on both sides, open IP and MCP joints, anatomy for distal tip of thumb to trapezium demonstrated, equal amounts of soft tissue demonstrated

47
Q

PA oblique positioning

A

Anterior part of hand flat on the IR, thumb in neutral position gives an natural 45 degree angle, CR enters at the MCP, thumb to trapezium in collimation field

48
Q

PA oblique evaluation

A

Proper rotation of 45 degrees, anatomy from distal tip of thumb to trapezium demonstrated, open IP and MCP joint spaces

49
Q

Lateral thumb positioning

A

Flex fingers under hand, turn thumb so lateral side is resting on the IR (mediolateral projection), CR enters at the MCP, collimate thumb to trapezium,

50
Q

Lateral thumb evaluation

A

True lateral, straight on one side, anterior side concave, anatomy from distal tip of thumb to trapezium demonstrated, open IP and MCP joint spaces

51
Q

Essentials projections of the hand

A

PA, PA oblique, Lateral (fan or extension)

52
Q

Why use the extension lateral position of the hand?

A

To look for foreign bodies or use if patient can not fan fingers

53
Q

PA positioning of the hand

A

Hand flat on palmar surface, fingers straight and spaced out, CR entering at the MCP of the 3rd metacarpal, collimation includes the entire hand fingers and wrist to one inch of the distal radius and ulna, hand and arm in the same plane

54
Q

PA evaluation of the hand

A

Hand and arm in same plane, metacarpal and phalange shafts concave, IP and MCP joint spaces open, anatomy from the tips of the fingers to one inch of the distal radius and ulna

55
Q

PA oblique positioning of the hand

A

Forearm resting on table, hand and arm in the same plane, palmar surface on IR, form a 45 degree angle with the MCP and IR, use sponge if have one, CR enters at 3rd metacarpal, collimation includes all hand fingers wrist and one inch of the distal radius and ulna

56
Q

PA oblique evaluation of the hand

A

Proper 45 degree rotation, open IP and MCP joint spaces, no soft tissue over lap of the digits, anatomy from the distal phalanges to one inch of the distal radius and ulna

57
Q

Lateral (fan) positioning of the hand

A

Place the medial side (pinky side) of the hand on the IR, elbow flexed 90 degrees, forearm and hand in same plane, make an okay sign with hand and then straighten and space out (fan out) each digit to make them free of super imposition, ulna and radial styloid process superimposed, CR entering at the 2nd MCP, collimation should be of the distal phalanges to one inch of the distal radius and ulna

58
Q

Lateral extension position of the hand

A

Place the medial side (pinky side) of the hand on the IR, elbow flexed 90 degrees, forearm and hand in same plane,ulna and radial styloid process superimposed, phalanges superimposed, first digit abducted from Palm to form right angle, CR entering at the 2nd MCP, collimation should be of the distal phalanges to one inch of the distal radius and ulna

59
Q

Lateral evaluation of the hand

A

Fan - phalanges free of superimposition
Extension - phalanges superimposed
Both - metacarpals and distal radius and ulna superimposed, extended digits

60
Q

Lateral forearm evaluation criteria

A

Wrist to distal humerus demonstrated, superimposition humeral epicondyles, superimposition of the distal ends of the radius and ulna, elbow flexed at 90 degrees, radial head superimposed over coronoid process, radial tuberosity pointing anteriorly

61
Q

Projections for an elbow

A

AP, AP oblique, lateral

62
Q

AP elbow positioning

A

60 @ 2, supinate hand, extend arm and elbow flat on IR, hand and upper limb in same plane, CR centered at mid elbow, humeral epicondyles parallel with IR, collimation includes distal humerus radioulnar articulation and proximal radius and ulna

RADT 3020 Rad. Procedures 1 (6 decks)

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