Abdomen

Question 1

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

Answer 1

Stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, kidneys

Question 2

Pelvic cavity

Answer 2

Rectum, sigmoid, urinary bladder, reproductive organs

Question 3

Peritoneum

Answer 3

Double walled membranous sac that enclosed the cavity

Question 4

Inner layer of peritoneum

Answer 4

Visceral

Question 5

Outer layer of the peritoneum

Answer 5

Parietal

Question 6

Retroperitoneum

Answer 6

Space behind peritoneum, kidneys and pancreas lie in this space

Question 7

Where would the diaphragm and gallbladder be in a hypersthenic patient?

Answer 7

Higher than normal

Question 8

In a asthenic patient where would the gallbladder lie?

Answer 8

Lower than normal

Question 9

What is preliminary preparation for in an abdomen and KUB?

Answer 9

To clear out all fecal material

Question 10

What would a general preliminary preparation consist of?

Answer 10

Controlled diet, laxative, enemas

Question 11

Preliminary preparation is not administered to….

Answer 11

Acutely ill patients, or those expected with suspected visceral rupture, perforation, or obstruction

Question 12

What is a good kVp for an abdomen that does not include contrast?

Answer 12

70-85 kVp

Question 13

What is a good technique for an abdomen?

Answer 13

AP= 75 kVp @ 200 mAs with all three AEC captivated @ 40 inches

Question 14

What tissue structures should be seen in an abdomen X-ray to determine effective technique?

Answer 14

Lower liver boarder, psoas muscles, kidneys, lower ribs, transverse process of lumbar vertebra

Question 15

Digestive system

Answer 15

Enter and exit, consists of an alimentary tract and accessory organs that contribute to digestion, contained in the abdominopelvic cavity, extends from diaphragm to bony pelvis, consists of two parts: abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Question 16

What is the IR size used for an abdomen X-ray?

Answer 16

14 x 17 (portrait)

Question 17

What SID is used for an abdominal X-ray?

Answer 17

40” (inches)

Question 18

How do you collimate an abdominal X-ray?

Answer 18

Collimate to the edges of the body

Question 19

Breathing instructions for an abdominal X-ray?

Answer 19

Exposure should be made at the end of expiration to avoid compression of organs

Question 20

Bowel obstruction

Answer 20

Blockage of the bowel

Question 21

ileus

Answer 21

Failure of bowel peristalsis

Question 22

Pneumoperitoneum

Answer 22

Presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

Question 23

Tumor

Answer 23

New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrollable

Question 24

What is the most common projections used for KUB’s?

Answer 24

AP Supine, and upright positions

Question 25

What projections are generally used for an abdomen series (three way abdomen)?

Answer 25

AP SUPINE, AP UPRIGHT, AND PA CHEST

Question 26

What does an abdominal series demonstrate?

Answer 26

Air fluid levels, pneumoperitoneum, and abdominal contents

Question 27

How to position an AP abdomen supine..

Answer 27

Patient is on his/her back, support knees to reduce strain, IR and CR centered on iliac crests on MSP, make sure pubic symphysis is included

Question 28

A hypersthenic patient may require _______ crosswise abdominal images.

Answer 28

2

Question 29

Very tall patients may require a _________ image on the abdominal X-ray.

Answer 29

Bladder

Question 30

What should an AP abdomen image include to be considered acceptable? (Structure and organ wise)

Answer 30

It should include the area from the pubic symphysis to the upper abdomen (diaphragm), the abdomen should be aligned and centered, the ribs pelvis and hips should be on there, no rotation: check iliac crests and alae wing symmetry and spinous processes to see if they are in the center of the vertebrae

Question 31

Soft tissue gray tones should demonstrate what in an AP supine abdomen image?

Answer 31

Psoas muscles, lower border of the liver, kidneys, inferior ribs, transverse processes of the vertebra, and right or left marker visible but not in anatomy

Question 32

AP abdomen upright, how to position patient, IR, and CR..

Answer 32

Stand patient with back to the buckey, MSP centered to buckey, weight equally distributed on both feet, IR should be centered two inches above the iliac crests (top of light should be right under the armpit), needs to be high enough to include the diaphragm, the CR should be perpendicular horizontal and centered to the IR

Question 33

For an AP upright abdomen, if you wanted to demonstrate the __________ you would need to center the CR 2 inches above the iliac crests, but if you wanted to demonstrate the ________ you would position the CR right at the iliac crests.

Answer 33

Diaphragm ; bladder

Question 34

What is something we want to demonstrate by taking an AP upright abdominal X-ray?

Answer 34

Air fluid levels

Question 35

PA upright abdominal X-ray should be considered when…

Answer 35

The kidneys are not of primary interest, it reduces gonadal dose

Question 36

When considering patient position and structures included the AP and PA abdominal X-rays are the same. True or false?

Answer 36

True

Question 37

AP abdomen left lateral decubitus patient position, IR, and CR.

Answer 37

Reformed in place of upright position for patients who are too ill to stand, recumbent left lateral on a radiolucent pad, arms above the level of the diaphragm, knees flexed slightly, center iliac crests with IR or two inches above if diaphragm is to be demonstrated, vertical grid is to be centered aligned with the MSP, the CR is perpendicular and horizontal to the center of the IR

Question 38

If both abdominal sides cannot be demonstrated in the AP abdominal left lateral decubitus and fluid is suspected demonstrate the side that is ________. If pneumoperitoneum is suspected demonstrate the side that is _________.

Answer 38

Down ; up

Question 39

When doing an AP abdomen decubitus, what marker is used?

Answer 39

You can use left or the right but make sure it is on the correct side of the body. example, for a left lateral decubitus the patients left side is on the table therefore you can put your right marker on the side facing up.