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Anatomy 1 > Upper ext > Flashcards

Upper ext Flashcards

1
Q

the clavicle is made up of?

A

1.Sternal end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint
2.Acromial end articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint
Elongated S curvature increases resilience
Boundary for cervico-axillary canal providing protection to neurovascular bundle of the upper extremity

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2
Q

The function of parts of the Clavicle

A
  1. Clavicle- connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton
  2. Elongated S curvature increases resilience
  3. Boundary for cervico-axillary canal providing protection to neurovascular bundle of the upper extremity.
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3
Q

Where is the scapula is located?

A

located between the 2nd and the 7th rib

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4
Q

The scapula is made up of what parts?

A 
Suprascapular notch3
        Subscapular fossa 7
        Supraspinous fossa 9
        Infraspinous fossa 10
        Spine of scapular 8
	Medial border  5
	Lateral border 4
	Glenoid cavity 6
	Acromion 1
	Coracoid process 2

All come so lets make good sex so so in

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5
Q

Which border is the thickest in the scapular and what articulates with the head of the Humerus

A

The lateral border is thickest

Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint.

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6
Q

What are the parts of the Humerus

A 
Head of humerus
	Greater tubercle
	Lesser tubercle
	Surgical neck
	Radial groove
	Medial and lateral epicondyles
	Capatulum
	Trochlear
	Coronoid fossa
	Olecranon fossa
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7
Q

Important Landmarks of the humerus

A
  1. Largest bone in upper limb

2. Radial groove for the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

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8
Q

Compoonents of the Ulna bone

A

Olecranon Process
coronoid process
Styloid process

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9
Q

Important landmarks of the Ulna bone

A

Medial
Stabilizing bone of the forearm
Shaft is thick but tapers distally
Coronoid process of ulna fits to Trochlear of Humerus

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10
Q

Components of the Radius bone

A

Head of radius

styloid process

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11
Q

Important landmarks of the radius

A

Lateral to ulna and shorter
Shaft gradually enlarges as it passes distally
With pronation of forearm radius crosses ulna

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12
Q

NAme the Anterior axio-Appendicular muscles

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior
Subclavius

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13
Q

Action of pectoralis major

A

Adducts/medially rotate the shoulder

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14
Q

Innervation of pectoralis Major

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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15
Q

Action of pec minor

A

Stabilizes the scapular

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16
Q

Innervation of Pec Minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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17
Q

Serattius anterior

A

Holds scapular to the thoracic wall

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18
Q

Serratus anterior innervated by?

A

Long thoracic nerve

*only nerve that runs on top of the muscle that it innervates!

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19
Q

TRapezius(Shrugging muscle)

A

Superior portion- elevates; inferior portion-depresses; middle portion

retracts scapula

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20
Q

TRapezius Innervation

A

Spinal Accessory nerve

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21
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Extends (arm), adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

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22
Q

Levator Scapulae/action/Innervation

A

Elevates scapula/Dorsal scapular nerve

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23
Q

Rhomboid Minor, Rhomboid Major action and innervation

A

Retract and fix scapular to thoracic wall /Dorsal scapular nerve

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24
Q

Deltoid (3 parts)

action and innervation

A

Flexes, medially rotates shoulder; abducts shoulder joint; extends and laterally rotates shoulder

axillary nerve

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25
Q

Supraspinatus action and innervation

A

Abduction of the shoulder, rotator cuff muscle

suprascapular nerve

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26
Q

Infraspinatus action and innervation

A

Laterally rotates shoulder joint, rotator cuff muscle

Suprascapular nerve

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27
Q

Teres Minor action and innervtion

A

Laterally rotates shoulder cuff, rotator cuff muscle

Axillary nerve

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28
Q

Teres major act and inn

A

Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint

Inferior subscapular nerve

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29
Q

Subscapularis act and inn

A

Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint, rotator cuff muscle

Superior and inferior subscapular nerves

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30
Q

Biceps brachii act and inn

A

Supinates forearm and flexes elbow joint

Musculocutaneous nerve

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31
Q

Brachialis act and inn

A

Flexes elbow

Musculocutaneous nerve

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32
Q

Coracobrachialis act and inn

A

Flex and adduct shoulder joint

Musculocutaneous nerve

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33
Q

Triceps brachii act and Inn

A

Extends elbow Joint

Radial Nerve

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34
Q

Pronator Teres act and Inn

A

Pronates and Flexes forearm/

Median nerve

35
Q

Flexor Capi Radialis act and inn

A

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist/

Median nerve

36
Q

Palmaris Longus act and inn

A

Flexes hand at wrist/

Median nerves

37
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris act/inn

A

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist/

Ulnar nerve

38
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis act/inn

Intermediate anterior

A

Flexes wrist joint; flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints

Median nerve

39
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus act/inn

deep anterior

A

Flexes wrist joint, flexes distal interphalangeal joints (2nd-5th)

Median nerve
Ulnar nerve

40
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

deep anterior

A

Flexes wrist; flexes thumb/Median nerve

41
Q

Pronator quadratus

deep anterior

A

Pronates forearm

Median nerve

42
Q

Brachioradialis

superficial posterior

A

Weak flexion of elbow joint

Radial nerve

43
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

superficial posterior

A

Extend and abduct wrist joint

Radial nerve

44
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

superficial posterior

A

Extend and abduct wrist joint

Radial nerve

45
Q

Extensor digitorum

superficial posterior

A

Extend wrist joint; extend medial 4 fingers

Radial nerve

46
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

superficial posterior

A

Extends wrist joint; extends 5th finger

Radial nerve

47
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

superficial posterior

A

Extends and adducts wrist joint

Radial nerve

48
Q

Supinator

Deep posterior forearm

A

Supinates forearm

radial nerve

49
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Extends wrist; abducts and extends the thumb

Radial; nerves

50
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends wrist, extends thumbs

Radial nerve

51
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends wrist; extends thumb

Radial nerve

52
Q

Extensor Indices

A

Extends wrist joint; extends 2nd finger

Radial; nerve

53
Q

Median Nerve

Hand

A

Abducts thumb
Opposes thumb
Flexes thumb
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints of the 2nd-4th fingers

54
Q

Ulnar Nerve

Hand

A

Adducts thumb
Abducts 5th finger
Flexes 5th finger
Opposes 5th finger towards thumb

55
Q

Radial Nerve

Hand

A

Extends fingers and thumb

56
Q

For the effect of muscle relaxant, what should you watch for

A

Watch for thumb adduction

57
Q

FYI

A

Ulnar nerve is medial to ulnar artery

58
Q

Roots comprise of?

A

anterior rami of C5-T1; pass between anterior and middle scalene muscles

59
Q

Trunks

A

Named in relation to each other

60
Q

Divisions

A

: anterior divisions supply the anterior (flexor) compartments of the upper limb. Posterior division supply the posterior (extensor) compartments of the upper limb.

61
Q

Cords

A

: named for their position in relation to the axillary artery

62
Q

Branches From Roots and innervation

Brachial plexus

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)—Rhomboid major/minor; levator scapulae muscles

Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7)__Serratus anterior muscle

63
Q

Branches from the Trunk and innervation

Brachial plexus

A

Suprascapular Nerve (Superior trunk/ C5-C6)——Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

Nerve to Subclavius (Superior trunk/ C5)—Subclavius muscle

64
Q

branches from the lateral cord and innervation

Brachial plexus

A

Lateral Pectoral Nerve (C5-C7)–Pectoralis major muscle

65
Q

branches from medial cord and innervation

brachial plexus

A

Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8-T1)—Pectoralis major and minor muscles

Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve (C8-T1)—-Sensory to the medial side of the arm

Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (C8-T1)—Sensory to the medial side of the forearm

66
Q

Branches from the posterior cord and innervation

Brachial Plex

A

Superior Subscapular Nerve (C5-C6)…..Subscapularis muscle.

Thoracodorsal Nerve (C7-C8)…….Latissimus dorsi

Inferior Subscapular Nerve (C5-C6)….Subscapularis and teres major muscles

67
Q

Nerve)Terminal Branches anterior compartment of arm

A

Musculocutaneous:pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, supplies innervation to brachialis and biceps brachii then continues as purely sensory nerve as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

Median:follows the brachial artery, distal branch of the axillary artery

Ulnar:Courses behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus bone.

68
Q

Nerve)Terminal branches posterior compartment of arm

A

Axillary Nerve: Enters posterior compartment through the quadrangular space formed by the teres minor, teres major, humerus and long head of the triceps brachii.

Radial Nerve: Enters posterior compartment through the triangular interval formed by the teres major, humerus, long head and lateral head of the triceps brachii.

69
Q

Nerve)Terminal Branches anterior compartment Forearm

A

Radial Nerve: joins up and follows the radial artery along lateral aspect forearm

Ulnar Nerve: joins up with ulnar artery along medial anterior aspect forearm

Median Nerve: follows course of common interosseous artery (branch of ulnar artery

70
Q

Terminal branches posterior compartment forearm

A

Radial Nerve: Deep branch of the radial nerve becomes posterior interosseous nerve

71
Q

Long thoracic nerve injury(Terminal Branches of Brachial plexus)
sensory and motor

A

Paralysis of serratus anterior results in medial border of scapula to protrude away from body “winged scapula

72
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve injury(Terminal Branches of Brachial plexus)
Sensory/motor

A

Lateral surface of forearm/

Paralysis of coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis impaired flexion and supination of forearm

73
Q

Axillary nerve injury(Terminal Branches of Brachial plexus)

sensory/motor

A

Lateral surface of shoulder/

Shoulder weakness, especially with abduction

74
Q

Radial nerve injury(Terminal Branches of Brachial plexus)

sensory and motor

A

Posterior surface of forearm, posterior thumb and first 2 ½ fingers (not distal joint)/

Paralysis of triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, extensors of the wrist and fingers “wrist drop” (unopposed flexors)

75
Q

Median nerve injury(Terminal Branches of Brachial plexus)ensory and motor

A

Anterior thumb, palmer surface, anterior first 2 ½ fingers, posterior distal joint of first 2 ½ fingers

Loss of thumb opposition, decreased abduction of thumb, loss of flexion of proximal and distal interphalangeal joints “pope’s blessing” or “ape hand”

76
Q

Ulnar nerve injury(Terminal Branches of Brachial plexus)

sensory and motor

A

Medial surface of hand/palm. Medial 1 ½ fingers.

Loss of flexion at 4th and 5th fingers, loss of thumb adduction, loss ability to oppose and abduct 5th finger “claw hand”

77
Q

Artery supply upper ext

A

Subclavian artery axillary artery brachial artery
four terminal branches(Subclavian artery goes through and end in brachial (SAB)

Ulnar artery
Radial Artery
Anterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery

78
Q

when does the Subclavian artery become the brachial artery

A

AFter the Teres Major to the distal portion of the cubital fossa

79
Q

What does the Dorsal scapular artery branch from

A

Direct branch of the subclavian artery.

80
Q

What location is the Profunda Brachii

A

Branches off the Axillary artery

81
Q

Ulnar,Radial arteries

A

Ulnar and Radial arteries provide collateral blood supply to hand (palmar arch)

82
Q

Anterior and Posterior Interosseous arteries

A

provide blood supply to anterior and posterior divisions of the interosseous membrane

83
Q

location of arteries in relation to nerves are

A

Note location of arteries in relation to nerves:
Radial artery radial nerve
Ulnar artery ulnar nerve
Anterior interosseous artery median nerve
Posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of the radial nerve)

84
Q

What is the venous System setup upper ext

A

Palmer and dorsal venous networks basilic (medial) and cephalic (lateral) veins

Median cubital vein
Basilic vein becomes axillary vein

Cephalic vein empties into axillary vein
Axillary vein subclavian vein

Anatomy 1 (8 decks)

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