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Anatomy 1 > Lower ext > Flashcards

Lower ext Flashcards

1
Q

whats the pelvic girdle components and function

A

the sacrum and right/left hip bones
joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis

Specializes in locomotion, supporting body weight and maintaining balance

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2
Q

Gluteal region made up of

A

sacrum and coccyx

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3
Q

sacrum made up of

A

Sacrum:
Five fused, originally separate, vertebrae
Sacral hiatus
Allows filum terminale of the spinal cord to pass and attach to the coccyx
Results from the absence of laminae and the spinous process of the S4-S5 vertebrae
posterior sacral foramina
sacral cornua
sacral hiatus

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4
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae

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5
Q

Hip bone(Gluteal region)

A

Ilium
Contributes to the superior portion of the acetabulum
Articulates with sacrum

Ischium
Contributes to the posterior-inferior part of the acetabulum

Pubis
Contributes to the anterior portion of the acetabulum
Articulates with other pubis at pubic symphysis

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6
Q

Illium

A

Illiac fossa, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, iliac crest

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7
Q

ischium

A

Ischium
Contributes to the posterior-inferior part of the acetabulum
ischial tuberosity, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, acetabulum

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8
Q

pubis

A

Pubic symphysis
Contributes to the anterior portion of the acetabulum
Articulates with other pubis at the pubic symphysis

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9
Q

Hip ligaments

A

Sacrospinous ligament (sacrum to ischial spine), Sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)

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10
Q

Foramen

A

Greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen, obturator foramen

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11
Q

Femur

A

Greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, head, lateral and medial epicondyles, lateral and medial condyles

  1. Connects hip and joints
  2. Longest and heaviest bone in the body
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12
Q

Tibia

A

Tibia: lateral and medial condyles, medial malleolus.

Articulates with femoral condyles superiorly
Articulates with talus inferiorly
Weight bearing

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13
Q

Fibula

A

Fibula: head of the fibula, lateral malleolus/styloid process.

Lies posterolateral to tibia
Main action is for muscle attachment

Tibia and Fibula connected together by interosseous membrane

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14
Q

Gluteus Maximus (LE)Inn/Act

A

Inferior gluteal nerve/extends hip and lateral rotation of the hip

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15
Q

Tensor fascia latae (FL)inn/act inn/action

A

Superior gluteal nerve/flexes hip joint

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16
Q 
Gluteus medius( deep )inn/action
Gluteus minimus (deep )inn/action
A

Superior gluteal nerve/abduct hip

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17
Q

Piriformis (deep) inn/action

A

Anterior rami s1, s2/ stabilizes hip joint

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18
Q

Sartorius inn/action

A

femoral nerve/Abducts and flexes hip joint laterally, Flex and rotate knee medially

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19
Q 
rectus femoris 
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
*Vastus intermedius
inn/act
A

femoral nerve/Extends knee joint

Rectus femoris flex hip also

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20
Q 
Adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
Gracillis
inn/act
A

Obturator nerve/Adducts hip….

Gracillis flexes knee.

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21
Q 
Semitendinosus (medial)
inn/act
Semimembranosus (medial)
inn/act
------------------------------------
Biceps femoris (lateral)
inn/act
A 
Tibial division of sciatic nerve/
flexes knee joint, Extend hip joint,
rotate leg medially
-----------------------------
same 
but rotate leg laterally and 
Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve
Short head: fibular/peroneal division of sciatic nerve/
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22
Q

Popliteal fossa(Boundaries)

A

Boundaries:
Biceps femoris superiolaterally
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus superiomedially
Lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius inferolaterally and inferomedially
Skin/ fascia posteriorly
Posterior capsule of the knee joint anteriorly

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23
Q

Gastrocnemius and
Soleus.
inn/act

A

Tibial nerve/Plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee joint

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24
Q

Flexor hallucis longus (most lateral)

inn/act

A

tibial nerve/Flexes great toe

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25
Q

Flexor digitorum longus(Most medial)

A

Tibial nerve/Flexes lateral 4digits

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26
Q

Tibialis posterior(Middle

A

Tibial nerve/Plantar flexes ankle, inverts foot

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27
Q

Popliteus

A

weakly flexes knee

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28
Q

Femoral artery track

A

Femoral artery adductor hiatus to  popliteal artery posterior tibial artery
 fibular artery
 anterior tibial artery (front of l. leg) dorsalis pedis artery

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29
Q

Femoral artery also feeds profunda femoris

A

FYI

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30
Q

FYI

A

Great Saphenous vein—-

Femoral vein

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31
Q

Lumbar plexus

A 
L1-L4
“I Invariably Get Lazy On Fridays”
Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral, Lateral femoral cutaneous,  Obturator, Femoral
“2 nerves from 1 nerve root”
Iliohypogastric (L1), Ilioinguinal (L1)
“2 nerves from 2 nerve roots”
Genitofemoral (L1-L2), Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-L3)
“2 nerves from 3 nerve roots”
Obturator (L2-L4), Femoral (L2-L4)
32
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L4-S3
L4-S2 contribute to COMMON FIBULAR/PERONEAL nerve
L4-S3 contribute to TIBIAL nerve
Common Fibular and Tibial nerve join to become SCIATIC nerve (L4-S3)
Largest nerve in the body
Really two nerves loosely bound together in same connective tissue sheath
S1-S3 contribute to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

33
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Ligament from the Illium to the sacral bone

34
Q

psoas/pectinus

A

circled fyi

35
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Subfascial space
Base is the INGUINAL LIGAMENT
Medial border is the medial edge of ADDUCTOR LONGUS
Lateral border is the SARTORIUS
Apex where Sartorius crosses lateral border of adductor longus
Floor formed by ILIOPSOAS laterally and PECTINEUS medially
Roof formed by FASCIA LATA, subcutaneous tissue and skin

36
Q

NAvy

A

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein

37
Q

Adductor canal

A

From the femoral triangle the neurovascular bundle continues along the ADDUCTOR CANAL
Adductor canal runs deep to the Sartorius with the Adductor magnus and Adductor longus posteriorly and the Vastus medialis anteriolaterally
Intermuscular passageway for the femoral artery/vein and saphenous nerve (terminal branch of the femoral nerve)
Ends at the adductor hiatus in the tendon of Adductor magnus which allows the femoral artery/vein to pass posteriorly and become popliteal vessels
Saphenous nerve continues anteromedial to leg region
Note position of saphenous nerve in relation to femoral artery as courses through adductor canal

38
Q

where would you do a lower peripheral nerve block

A

With femoral Nerve

39
Q

What effect will a saphenous nerve block have

A

Will block from the knee

40
Q

Femoral nerve

spine location

A

L2-L4 largest branch of the lumbar plexus

Originates in the abdomen within the psoas major muscle
After entering femoral triangle it divides into several terminal branches to the anterior thigh muscles and cutaneous innervation to anteromedial thigh

41
Q

Saphenous nerve

A

terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve
Runs through the adductor canal
Continues to leg region to supply skin and fascia on the anteromedial aspects of the knee, leg, and foot

42
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

Cutaneous innervation of the lateral thigh

43
Q

Femoral artery

A

MAin artery of LE
ext illiac artery—>femoral artery begins at the inguinal ligament——->becomes popliteal artery

Follows adductor canal and exits via adductor hiatus of Adductor magnus to become popliteal artery

44
Q

Deep artery of the thigh

A

(profunda femoris artery): largest branch of femoral artery and main artery of thigh

45
Q

obturator Artery and function

A

internal iliac artery —-Obturator artery.
travels with the obturator nerve through the obturator foramen

Supplies obturator externus,pectineus,adductors of thigh, gracillis.

46
Q

Sciatic nerve
posterior thigh innervation

(remember Saphenous nerve!)

A 
Made up of 
Common fibula(peroneal) nerve and tibial nerve.
No gluteal region supply
1.Innervates posterior thigh.
2.Leg and foot muscles
3.Most of the skin of the leg and foot
4.
47
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh):

A

Runs medially to Sciatic nerve

Provides cutaneous/sensory information to posterior thigh

48
Q

Deep artery of thigh/Profunda femoris artery

A

Deep penetrating branch of femoral artery

supplies posterior thigh compartment muscles

49
Q

Popliteal artery:

A

Enters posterior compartment once femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus of adductor magnus
Supplies leg region

50
Q

Tibial nerve

Posterior leg.

A

Supplies all muscles of in the posterior compartment of the leg
Continues to the sole of the foot where supplies plantar nerves of the foot

Largest of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve
Runs through the popliteal fossa with popliteal vessels passing between the heads of the gastrocnemius and deep to the soleus. Continues behind medial malleolus of the tibia between the flexor hallucis longus and the flexor digitorum longus

51
Q

Sural nerve

A

Cutaneous sensation only
Formed by the union of cutaneous branches from the tibial and common fibular/peroneal nerves

Runs superficial and between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, continues posterior to the lateral malleolus of fibula.

Supplies skin on posterior and lateral aspects of leg and lateral side of foot

52
Q

Posterior Tibial Artery

A

Larger terminal branch of the popliteal artery

Blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg

Passes deep to the Soleus
Runs lateral to the medial malleolus
Terminates in the plantar arteries of the sole of the foot

53
Q

Fibular artery

A

Branch of the Posterior Tibial Artery

Supplies the fibula, and posterior and lateral compartment muscles

54
Q

Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis.

act and inn

A

Superficial nerve/evert foot

55
Q

Tibialis anterior

act/inn

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot

deep fibular nerve

56
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Extends lateral 4 digits,dorsiflexes ankle

deep fibular nerve

57
Q

Extensor Hallucis longus

A

Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot

deep fibular nerve

58
Q

fibularis tertius

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; eversion of foot

deep fibula nerve

59
Q

Common fibular nerve

anterior leg

A

Lateral, smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve
Passes superficial to lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle and winds around the fibular neck
Divides into two terminal branches
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve
Superficial Fibular/Peroneal nerve.

60
Q

Deep fibular/peroneal nerve

anterior leg

A

One of the terminal branches of the common fibular nerve
Nerve of the anterior muscle compartment
Continues to dorsum of the foot
Provides sensory between the great and first toes
Travels with anterior tibial vessels

61
Q

Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve

anterior leg

A

Terminal branch of the common fibular nerve
Supplies muscles of lateral compartment
Continues as a cutaneous nerve, supplies skin on the distal part of the anterior surface of the leg and nearly all dorsum of the foot

62
Q

ANterior tibial artery

A

Smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery
Passes through interosseous membrane from posterior to anterior compartment to supply structure of the anterior compartment
Ends at the ankle joint, midway between the malleoli where becomes

63
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery

A

Dorsal artery of the foot

64
Q

Lower extremity cutaneous innervation

A

Ilioinguinal nerve- lumbar plexus (L1)
Iliohypogastric- lumbar plexus (L1)
Genitofemoral nerve- lumbar plexus (L1-L2)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh- lumbar plexus (L2-L3)
Obturator nerve- lumbar plexus (L2-L4)
*Medial and Intermediate cutaneous of thigh- cutaneous branches of the Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
*Lateral cutaneous nerve of calf- cutaneous branches common fibular/peroneal nerve
Saphenous nerve- terminal branch of femoral nerve
Superficial fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh- sacral plexus (S1-S3)
Sural nerve- terminal branch of the tibial and common fibular nerve

65
Q

Foot and ankle region cutaneous innervation

A

Saphenous nerve- terminal branch of femoral nerve
Superficial fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve
Sural nerve- terminal branch of the common fibular and tibial nerves
*Tibial, lateral and medial plantar nerves- terminal branch of tibial nerve

66
Q 
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
injury
A

Superior, medial thigh

Weakness in adduction that results in lateral swinging of the limb with walking due to unopposed abductors

67
Q

Fermoral nerve injury(L2-L4)

A

Anterior thigh, medial leg region (Saphenous nerve)

Impaired flexion of the hip and impaired extension of the leg

68
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous injury

A

Lateral thigh.

N/a

69
Q 
Saphenous nerve (distal branch of femoral)
injury
A

Medial aspect of leg.

N/A

70
Q

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous (S1-S3)

injury

A

Posterior aspect of the thigh

N/A

71
Q 
Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
injury
A

Posterior thigh, lateral leg (Common peroneal nerve) and ventral and dorsal aspects of foot (tibial, deep and superficial peroneal nerve).

Impaired extension at the hip and impaired flexion at the knee, loss of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at the ankle, inversion and eversion of the foot

72
Q

Common fibular/peroneal nerve (L4-S2)

injury

A

Lateral upper portion of the leg, dorsum of the foot

Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion) and inversion of the foot

73
Q

Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (terminal branch of common fibular nerve)
injury

A

Space located between the big toe and first toe

Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion)

74
Q

Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (terminal branch of common fibular nerve)
injury

A

Lower anterior lateral leg, dorsum of the foot

Loss of foot eversion

75
Q

Tibial nerve L4-S3

injury

A

Plantar aspect of the foot, posterior lateral lower leg (sural nerve distribution)

Loss of plantar flexion, impaired inversion

76
Q 
Sural nerve (terminal branch of both common fibular nerve and tibial nerve)
injury
A

Posterior lateral lower leg..

N/A impairment.

77
Q

plantaris

act/inn

A

Weakly plantar flexes

Anatomy 1 (8 decks)

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