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Anatomy 1 > Lower ext > Flashcards

Lower ext Flashcards

1
Q

whats the pelvic girdle components and function

A

the sacrum and right/left hip bones
joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis

Specializes in locomotion, supporting body weight and maintaining balance

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2
Q

Gluteal region made up of

A

sacrum and coccyx

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3
Q

sacrum made up of

A

Sacrum:
Five fused, originally separate, vertebrae
Sacral hiatus
Allows filum terminale of the spinal cord to pass and attach to the coccyx
Results from the absence of laminae and the spinous process of the S4-S5 vertebrae
posterior sacral foramina
sacral cornua
sacral hiatus

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4
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae

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5
Q

Hip bone(Gluteal region)

A

Ilium
Contributes to the superior portion of the acetabulum
Articulates with sacrum

Ischium
Contributes to the posterior-inferior part of the acetabulum

Pubis
Contributes to the anterior portion of the acetabulum
Articulates with other pubis at pubic symphysis

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6
Q

Illium

A

Illiac fossa, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, iliac crest

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7
Q

ischium

A

Ischium
Contributes to the posterior-inferior part of the acetabulum
ischial tuberosity, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, acetabulum

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8
Q

pubis

A

Pubic symphysis
Contributes to the anterior portion of the acetabulum
Articulates with other pubis at the pubic symphysis

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9
Q

Hip ligaments

A

Sacrospinous ligament (sacrum to ischial spine), Sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)

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10
Q

Foramen

A

Greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen, obturator foramen

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11
Q

Femur

A

Greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, head, lateral and medial epicondyles, lateral and medial condyles

  1. Connects hip and joints
  2. Longest and heaviest bone in the body
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12
Q

Tibia

A

Tibia: lateral and medial condyles, medial malleolus.

Articulates with femoral condyles superiorly
Articulates with talus inferiorly
Weight bearing

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13
Q

Fibula

A

Fibula: head of the fibula, lateral malleolus/styloid process.

Lies posterolateral to tibia
Main action is for muscle attachment

Tibia and Fibula connected together by interosseous membrane

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14
Q

Gluteus Maximus (LE)Inn/Act

A

Inferior gluteal nerve/extends hip and lateral rotation of the hip

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15
Q

Tensor fascia latae (FL)inn/act inn/action

A

Superior gluteal nerve/flexes hip joint

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16
Q 
Gluteus medius( deep )inn/action
Gluteus minimus (deep )inn/action
A

Superior gluteal nerve/abduct hip

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17
Q

Piriformis (deep) inn/action

A

Anterior rami s1, s2/ stabilizes hip joint

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18
Q

Sartorius inn/action

A

femoral nerve/Abducts and flexes hip joint laterally, Flex and rotate knee medially

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19
Q 
rectus femoris 
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
*Vastus intermedius
inn/act
A

femoral nerve/Extends knee joint

Rectus femoris flex hip also

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20
Q 
Adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
Gracillis
inn/act
A

Obturator nerve/Adducts hip….

Gracillis flexes knee.

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21
Q 
Semitendinosus (medial)
inn/act
Semimembranosus (medial)
inn/act
------------------------------------
Biceps femoris (lateral)
inn/act
A 
Tibial division of sciatic nerve/
flexes knee joint, Extend hip joint,
rotate leg medially
-----------------------------
same 
but rotate leg laterally and 
Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve
Short head: fibular/peroneal division of sciatic nerve/
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22
Q

Popliteal fossa(Boundaries)

A

Boundaries:
Biceps femoris superiolaterally
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus superiomedially
Lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius inferolaterally and inferomedially
Skin/ fascia posteriorly
Posterior capsule of the knee joint anteriorly

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23
Q

Gastrocnemius and
Soleus.
inn/act

A

Tibial nerve/Plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee joint

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24
Q

Flexor hallucis longus (most lateral)

inn/act

A

tibial nerve/Flexes great toe

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25
Flexor digitorum longus(Most medial)
Tibial nerve/Flexes lateral 4digits
26
Tibialis posterior(Middle
Tibial nerve/Plantar flexes ankle, inverts foot
27
Popliteus
weakly flexes knee
28
Femoral artery track
Femoral artery adductor hiatus to  popliteal artery posterior tibial artery  fibular artery  anterior tibial artery (front of l. leg) dorsalis pedis artery
29
Femoral artery also feeds profunda femoris
FYI
30
FYI
Great Saphenous vein---- | Femoral vein
31
Lumbar plexus
``` L1-L4 “I Invariably Get Lazy On Fridays” Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral, Lateral femoral cutaneous, Obturator, Femoral “2 nerves from 1 nerve root” Iliohypogastric (L1), Ilioinguinal (L1) “2 nerves from 2 nerve roots” Genitofemoral (L1-L2), Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-L3) “2 nerves from 3 nerve roots” Obturator (L2-L4), Femoral (L2-L4) ```
32
Sacral plexus
L4-S3 L4-S2 contribute to COMMON FIBULAR/PERONEAL nerve L4-S3 contribute to TIBIAL nerve Common Fibular and Tibial nerve join to become SCIATIC nerve (L4-S3) Largest nerve in the body Really two nerves loosely bound together in same connective tissue sheath S1-S3 contribute to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
33
Inguinal ligament
Ligament from the Illium to the sacral bone
34
psoas/pectinus
circled fyi
35
Femoral triangle
Subfascial space Base is the INGUINAL LIGAMENT Medial border is the medial edge of ADDUCTOR LONGUS Lateral border is the SARTORIUS Apex where Sartorius crosses lateral border of adductor longus Floor formed by ILIOPSOAS laterally and PECTINEUS medially Roof formed by FASCIA LATA, subcutaneous tissue and skin
36
NAvy
Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein
37
Adductor canal
From the femoral triangle the neurovascular bundle continues along the ADDUCTOR CANAL Adductor canal runs deep to the Sartorius with the Adductor magnus and Adductor longus posteriorly and the Vastus medialis anteriolaterally Intermuscular passageway for the femoral artery/vein and saphenous nerve (terminal branch of the femoral nerve) Ends at the adductor hiatus in the tendon of Adductor magnus which allows the femoral artery/vein to pass posteriorly and become popliteal vessels Saphenous nerve continues anteromedial to leg region Note position of saphenous nerve in relation to femoral artery as courses through adductor canal
38
where would you do a lower peripheral nerve block
With femoral Nerve
39
What effect will a saphenous nerve block have
Will block from the knee
40
Femoral nerve | spine location
L2-L4 largest branch of the lumbar plexus Originates in the abdomen within the psoas major muscle After entering femoral triangle it divides into several terminal branches to the anterior thigh muscles and cutaneous innervation to anteromedial thigh
41
Saphenous nerve
terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve Runs through the adductor canal Continues to leg region to supply skin and fascia on the anteromedial aspects of the knee, leg, and foot
42
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Cutaneous innervation of the lateral thigh
43
Femoral artery
MAin artery of LE ext illiac artery--->femoral artery begins at the inguinal ligament------->becomes popliteal artery Follows adductor canal and exits via adductor hiatus of Adductor magnus to become popliteal artery
44
Deep artery of the thigh
(profunda femoris artery): largest branch of femoral artery and main artery of thigh
45
obturator Artery and function
internal iliac artery ----Obturator artery. travels with the obturator nerve through the obturator foramen Supplies obturator externus,pectineus,adductors of thigh, gracillis.
46
Sciatic nerve posterior thigh innervation (remember Saphenous nerve!)
``` Made up of Common fibula(peroneal) nerve and tibial nerve. ``` ``` No gluteal region supply 1.Innervates posterior thigh. 2.Leg and foot muscles 3.Most of the skin of the leg and foot 4. ```
47
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh):
Runs medially to Sciatic nerve | Provides cutaneous/sensory information to posterior thigh
48
Deep artery of thigh/Profunda femoris artery
Deep penetrating branch of femoral artery | supplies posterior thigh compartment muscles
49
Popliteal artery:
Enters posterior compartment once femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus of adductor magnus Supplies leg region
50
Tibial nerve | Posterior leg.
Supplies all muscles of in the posterior compartment of the leg Continues to the sole of the foot where supplies plantar nerves of the foot Largest of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve Runs through the popliteal fossa with popliteal vessels passing between the heads of the gastrocnemius and deep to the soleus. Continues behind medial malleolus of the tibia between the flexor hallucis longus and the flexor digitorum longus
51
Sural nerve
Cutaneous sensation only Formed by the union of cutaneous branches from the tibial and common fibular/peroneal nerves Runs superficial and between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, continues posterior to the lateral malleolus of fibula. Supplies skin on posterior and lateral aspects of leg and lateral side of foot
52
Posterior Tibial Artery
Larger terminal branch of the popliteal artery Blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg Passes deep to the Soleus Runs lateral to the medial malleolus Terminates in the plantar arteries of the sole of the foot
53
Fibular artery
Branch of the Posterior Tibial Artery | Supplies the fibula, and posterior and lateral compartment muscles
54
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis. | act and inn
Superficial nerve/evert foot
55
Tibialis anterior | act/inn
Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot deep fibular nerve
56
Extensor digitorum longus
Extends lateral 4 digits,dorsiflexes ankle deep fibular nerve
57
Extensor Hallucis longus
Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot deep fibular nerve
58
fibularis tertius
Dorsiflexes ankle; eversion of foot deep fibula nerve
59
Common fibular nerve | anterior leg
Lateral, smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve Passes superficial to lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle and winds around the fibular neck Divides into two terminal branches Deep fibular/peroneal nerve Superficial Fibular/Peroneal nerve.
60
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve | anterior leg
One of the terminal branches of the common fibular nerve Nerve of the anterior muscle compartment Continues to dorsum of the foot Provides sensory between the great and first toes Travels with anterior tibial vessels
61
Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve | anterior leg
Terminal branch of the common fibular nerve Supplies muscles of lateral compartment Continues as a cutaneous nerve, supplies skin on the distal part of the anterior surface of the leg and nearly all dorsum of the foot
62
ANterior tibial artery
Smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery Passes through interosseous membrane from posterior to anterior compartment to supply structure of the anterior compartment Ends at the ankle joint, midway between the malleoli where becomes
63
Dorsalis pedis artery
Dorsal artery of the foot
64
Lower extremity cutaneous innervation
Ilioinguinal nerve- lumbar plexus (L1) Iliohypogastric- lumbar plexus (L1) Genitofemoral nerve- lumbar plexus (L1-L2) Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh- lumbar plexus (L2-L3) Obturator nerve- lumbar plexus (L2-L4) *Medial and Intermediate cutaneous of thigh- cutaneous branches of the Femoral nerve (L2-L4) *Lateral cutaneous nerve of calf- cutaneous branches common fibular/peroneal nerve Saphenous nerve- terminal branch of femoral nerve Superficial fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve Deep fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh- sacral plexus (S1-S3) Sural nerve- terminal branch of the tibial and common fibular nerve
65
Foot and ankle region cutaneous innervation
Saphenous nerve- terminal branch of femoral nerve Superficial fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve Deep fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve Sural nerve- terminal branch of the common fibular and tibial nerves *Tibial, lateral and medial plantar nerves- terminal branch of tibial nerve
66
``` Obturator nerve (L2-L4) injury ```
Superior, medial thigh | Weakness in adduction that results in lateral swinging of the limb with walking due to unopposed abductors
67
Fermoral nerve injury(L2-L4)
Anterior thigh, medial leg region (Saphenous nerve) | Impaired flexion of the hip and impaired extension of the leg
68
Lateral femoral cutaneous injury
Lateral thigh. | N/a
69
``` Saphenous nerve (distal branch of femoral) injury ```
Medial aspect of leg. | N/A
70
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous (S1-S3) | injury
Posterior aspect of the thigh | N/A
71
``` Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) injury ```
Posterior thigh, lateral leg (Common peroneal nerve) and ventral and dorsal aspects of foot (tibial, deep and superficial peroneal nerve). Impaired extension at the hip and impaired flexion at the knee, loss of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at the ankle, inversion and eversion of the foot
72
Common fibular/peroneal nerve (L4-S2) | injury
Lateral upper portion of the leg, dorsum of the foot Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion) and inversion of the foot
73
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (terminal branch of common fibular nerve) injury
Space located between the big toe and first toe Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion)
74
Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (terminal branch of common fibular nerve) injury
Lower anterior lateral leg, dorsum of the foot | Loss of foot eversion
75
Tibial nerve L4-S3 | injury
Plantar aspect of the foot, posterior lateral lower leg (sural nerve distribution) Loss of plantar flexion, impaired inversion
76
``` Sural nerve (terminal branch of both common fibular nerve and tibial nerve) injury ```
Posterior lateral lower leg.. | N/A impairment.
77
plantaris | act/inn
Weakly plantar flexes

Anatomy 1 (8 decks)

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