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X. MRCS: Anatomy > Upper Arm & Shoulder > Flashcards

Upper Arm & Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of the axilla

A

Apex (axillary inlet): lateral border of 1st rib, superior border of scapula, posterior border of clavicle
Lateral: inter tubercular groove of humerus
Medial: serratus anterior and thoracic wall
Anterior: pec major, pec minor, subclavius
Posterior: subscapularis, teres major, latissiumus dorsi

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2
Q

Contents of the axilla

A 
Axillary artery (and branches)
Axillary vein (and tributaries)
Axillary lymph nodes
Brachial plexus (and branches)
Biceps brachii
Corracobrachialis
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3
Q

Passageways exiting the axilla

A

inferior and lateral (into the upper limb)
Quadrangular space
Clavipectoral triangle

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4
Q

Borders of the quadrangular space

A

Superior: teres minor
Inferior: teres major
Lateral: neck of humerus
Medial: long head of triceps brachii

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5
Q

Contents of the quadrangular space

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

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6
Q

Borders of the clavipectoral triangle

A

Superior lateral: deltoid
Superior medial: clavicle
Inferior: pectoralis major

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7
Q

Content of the clavipectoral triangle

A

Cephalic vein
Medal pectoral nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve

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8
Q

Parts of the brachial plexus

A 
Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches
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9
Q

Roots of the brachial plexus

A 
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
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10
Q

Trunks of the brachial plexus

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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11
Q

Divisions of the brachial plexus

A

Anterior

Posterior

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12
Q

Cords of the brachial plexus

A

Lateral
Posterior
Medial

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13
Q

Branches of the brachial plexus

A 
Musculocutaneous nerve
Axillary nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
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14
Q

Pathway of Musculocutanous nerve

A

Root: C5/C6/C7
Trunk: Superior/Middle
Divisions: Anterior
Cords: Lateral

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15
Q

Innervations of the Musculocutanous nerve

A

Motor: Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Sensory: lateral Antebrachial cutaneous nerve

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16
Q

Pathway of the axillary nerve

A

Root: C5/C6
Trunk: Superior
Divisions: Posterior
Cords: Posterior

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17
Q

Innervations of the axillary nerve

A

Motor: deltoid, teres minor
Sensory: axillary superior lateral cutaneous nerve

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18
Q

Pathway of the Median nerve

A

Roots: C6/C7/C8/T1
Trunks: Superior, middle, inferior
Divisions: anterior
Cords: lateral, medial

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19
Q

Innervations of the median nerve

A

Forearm:
Muscular branches: FCR, PL, FDS
Ant. interosseous: FPL, FDP (lat 1/2), PQ
Sensory: palmar cutaneous nerve

Hand:
Muscular (recurrent): OP, AbPB, FPB
Digital cutaneous: Lumbricals (1&2MTC)
Sensory: thumb, 1st & 2nd digits, 1/2 of ring

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20
Q

Pathway of the Radial nerve

A

Roots: C5/C6/C7/C8/T1
Trunks: superior/middle/lateral
Divisions: posterior
Cords: posterior

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21
Q

Innervations of the radial nerve

A

Muscular branches: triceps brachii, anconeous, brachioradialis, ECRL, ECRB

Deep branch: Supinator, ED, EDM, ECU
Post. interosseous: AdPL, EPB, EPL, EIP

Sensation: dorsum of 3.5 lateral digits and hand

22
Q

Pathway of the ulnar nerve

A

Roots: C8/T1
Trunks: Inferior
Divisions: anterior
Cords: medial

23
Q

Innervations of the Ulnar nerve

A

Muscular branches: FCU, FDP (medial 1/2)

Hand muscles: palmaris brevis, AbDM, FDMB, ODM, AdP

24
Q

Addition branches of the brachial plexus

A

C5-C7 roots: Long thoracic nerve
C5 root: dorsal scapular nerve
Superior trunk: suprascapular nerve, nerve to subclavius
Lateral & medial cords: lateral pectoral nerve
Medial cord: medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Posterior cord: upper sub scapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, lower subscapular nerve

25
Q

Muscles of the pectoral region

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius

26
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

2 heads: clavicular/sternocostal
Origin: clavicular: medial clavicle, sternocostal: ant. surface of sternum/superior 6 costal cartilage, aponeurosis of external oblique
Insertion: inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation: lateral & medial pectoral nerves
Function: adducts and medially rotates upper limb, flexes upper limb

27
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin: 3rd-5th rubs
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: medial pectoral n.
Function: stabilises scapula, drawing it ant/inf against thoracic wall

28
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: lateral aspect of 1st-8th ribs
Insertion: costal surface of medial border of scapula
Innervation: long thoracic n.
Function: rotates scapula allowing arm to be raised over 90. Holds scapula against rib cage

29
Q

Subclavius

A

Origin: junction of 1st rib & costal cartilage
Insertion: inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Innervation: nerve to subclavius
Function: anchors and depresses clavicle

30
Q

Muscles of the shoulder region

A

Extrinsic:
Superficial: trapezius, latissimus dorsi
Deep: levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

Intrinsic:
Deltoid, teres minor
Rotator cuff: teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis

31
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: skull, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12
Insertion: clavicle, acromion, scapula spine
Innervation: accessory nerve
Function: elevates scapula, retracts scapula

32
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin: spinous process T7-T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, inferior 3 ribs
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
Function: extends, adducts and medially rotates upper limb

33
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Origin: transverse process C1-C4
Insertion: medial border or scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Function: elevates scapula

34
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Origin: spinous process T2-T5
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapula nerve
Function: retracts and rotates scapula

35
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Origin: spinous process C7-T1
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapula n.
Function: retracts and rotates scapula

36
Q

Deltoid

A

Can be divided into anterior, middle, posterior
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus
Innervation: axillary nerve
Function: ant: flexion/medial rotation. middle: abduction. post: extension/lateral rotation

37
Q

Teres Major

A

Origin: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of inter tubercular groove of humerus
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve
Function: adducts and extends shoulder, medially rotates arm

38
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: post. surface of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation: axillary nerve
Function: laterally rotates arm

39
Q

Suprasinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation: suprascapula n.
Function: abducts arm 0-15, assists deltoid 15-90

40
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation: supra scapular n.
Function: lateral rotates arm

41
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapularis fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Innervation: upper & lower subscapular n.
Function: medial rotation of arm

42
Q

Muscle compartments of the upper arm

A

Anterior

Posterior

43
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm

A

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

44
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the upper arm

A

Triceps Brachii

45
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

2 headed muscle.
Origin: long head: supraglenoid tubercle, short head: coracoid process
Insertion: radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm (bicipital aponeurosis)
Innervation: musculocutaneous n.
Function: supination of forearm, flexion at elbow and shoulder

46
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: medial and lateral surface of humeral shaft
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity
Innervation: musculocutanous n.
Function: flexion at elbow

47
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: medial side of humeral shaft
Innervation: musculocutanous n.
Function: flexion of arm at shoulder

48
Q

Triceps Brachii

A 
3 heads: medial, long, lateral
Origin: long: infraglenoid tubercle. Lateral: humerus, superior to radial groove. medial: humerus, inf. to radial groove
Insertion: olecranon of ulnar
Innervation: radial n.
Function: extension of arm at elbow
49
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Ball and socket joint

Head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

50
Q

Bursae of the shoulder joint

A

Subacromial
Subscapular
Subcoracoid

51
Q

Ligaments of the shoulder joint

A 
Glenohumeral ligaments
Coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracoacromial ligament

X. MRCS: Anatomy (18 decks)

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