Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

X. MRCS: Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Female versus male pelvis

A 
Female: 
Wider and broader, lighter in weight
Oval shaped inlet
Less prominent ischial spines
Greater angled sub-pubic arch
Short sacrum
Less pronounced sacral promontory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Borders of pelvic inlet

A

Posterior: sacral promontory, sacral ala
Lateral: arcuate line on inner surface of ilium, pectineal line on super pubic rami
Anterior: pubis symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Borders of pelvic outlet

A

Posterior: tip of coccyx
Lateral: ischial tuberosoities, inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligaments
Anterior: pubic arch (inferior border of ischiopubic rami)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Borders of Greater sciatic foramen

A

Anterolateral: greater sciatic notch
Superior: anterior sacroiliac ligament
Inferior : sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine
Posteromedial: sacrotuberous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contents of greater sciatic foramen

A 
Superior gluteal artery, vein, nerve
Piriformis muscle
Inferior gluteal artery, vein, nerve
Internal pudendal nerve
Nerve to obturator internis
Nerve to quadrates femoris
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Sciatic nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Borders of lesser sciatic foramen

A

Superior: sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine
Anterior: ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch and ischial tuberosity
Posterior: sacrotuberous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contents of the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Internal pudendal artery and vein
Pudendal nerve
Obturator internis
Nerve to obturator internis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anatomic borders of the perineum

A 
Anterior: pubis symphysis
Posterior: tip of coccyx
Laterally: inferior pubic rami, inferior ischial rami, sacrotuberous ligaments
Roof: pelvic floor
Base: skin and fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Surface borders of the perineum

A

Anterior: mons pubis in females, base of penis in males
Lateral: medial surface of thigh
Posterior: superior end of intergluteal cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contents of the perineum

A

Anal triangle

Urogenital triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Contents of anal triangle

A

Anal aperture
External anal sphincter
Ischioanal fossa (x2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Layers of urogenital triangle

A 
Deep to superficial
Deep perineal pouch
Perineal membrane
Superficial perineal pouch
Perineal fascia
 - Deep: Colles' fascia, continuous with Scarpa's fascia
 - Superficial, continuous with camper's
Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Perineal body

A 
Irregular fibromuscular mass
Located at junction of urogenital and anal triangles
Central point of perineum
Acts as attachment of muscle fibres:
Levator ani
Bulbospongiosus
Superficial and deep perineal muscles
External anal sphincter
External urethral sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood supply to perineum

A

Internal pudendal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Innervation to perineum

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pelvic floor muscles (pelvis diaphragm)

A

Levator ani muscles (pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus)
Coccygeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Levator ani muscles

A

3 separate paired muscles (pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus)
Innervated by anterior rami of S4 (pudendal nerve)
Attachments:
Anterior: pubic bodies of pelvic bone
Lateral: thickened fascia of obturator internis, known as tendinous arch
Posterior: ischial spines of pelvic bones

18
Q

Puborectalis

A

U-shaped
From bodies of pubic bones past urogenital hiatus around anal canal
Tonic contraction creates anorectal angle: maintaining faecal continence

19
Q

Pubococcygeus

A

Arise from body of pubic bone and anterior aspect of tendinous arch
Travel around urogenital hiatus and run posteromedially, attaching to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

20
Q

Iliococcygeus

A

Thin muscle fibres
Start anteriorly at ischial spines and posterior aspect of tendinous arch
Attach posteriorly to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

21
Q

Coccygeus

A

Innervated by anterior rami of S4/S5
Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: lateral aspect of sacrum/coccyx

22
Q

Bifurcation of common iliac

A

Creates internal/external iliacs

Approx L5-S1

23
Q

Internal iliac: path

A

Descends from bifurcation into lesser pelvis
Medial to external iliac vein and obturator nerve
At superior border of greater sciatic foramen it divides into anterior and posterior trunks

24
Q

Internal iliac: anterior trunk branches

A 
Obturator artery
Umbilical artery
Inferior vesicle artery
Vaginal artery
Uterine artery
Middle rectal artery
internal pudendal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
25
Q

Internal iliac: posterior trunk branches

A

Iliolumbar artery
Lateral sacral arteries
Superior gluteal artery

26
Q

Other arteries of the pelvis

A

Gonadal arterties (ovarian/testicular)
Median sacral artery
Superior rectal artery

27
Q

Parts of the penis

A

Root
Body
Glans

28
Q

Erectile tissue of the penis

A

Corpus cavernosa (x2): “left and right crus” in root.

Corpus spongiosum: “Bulb” in root. Forms glans.

29
Q

Muscles of the root of the penis

A

Bulbospongiosus (x2): associated with bulb

Ischocavernosus (x2): surrounds left and right crus. Contracts to force blood from cavernous spaces in crura into corpora cavernosa. Helps maintain erection

30
Q

Fascial coverings of penis

A

Superficial: Colles’ fascia (continuous with Scarpa’s)
Deep: deep fascia of penis or “Buck’s fascia”. Continuation of deep perineal fascia.
Deep to deep fascia: tunica albuginea

31
Q

Ligaments of the penis

A

Suspensory ligament

Fundiform ligament

32
Q

Blood supply to penis

A

Dorsal arteries of penis
Deep arteries of penis
Bulbourethral artery

Branches of internal pudendal artery (branch of internal iliac)

33
Q

Venous drainage from penis

A

Deep dorsal vein of penis

Empties into prostatic plexus

34
Q

Innervation of penis

A

Sensory and sympathetic: pudendal nerve (S2-4)

Parasympathetic: peri-prostatic nerve plexus

35
Q

Mechanism of erection

A

Excitement: sacral parasympathetic neurones. Arteriolar vasodilation in corpora cavernosa, increases penile blood flow.

Plateau: sacrospinous reflex. Contraction of ischiocavernosus, venous engorgement and decreased arterial inflow.

36
Q

Parts of the testicle

A

Testes

Epididymis

37
Q

Epididymis parts

A

Is a single heavily coiled duct
Head: most proximal part
Body
Tail: most distal. Marks the origin of vas deferens

38
Q

Testes structure

A

Seminiferous tubules

39
Q

Vascular supply to the testicle

A

Paired testicular arteries, branches of abdominal aorta
Descend down inguinal canal
Cremasteric artery, branch of inferior epigastric artery
Artery of vas deferens, branch of inferior vesical artery

40
Q

Venous drainage from testicle

A

Pampiniform plexus in scrotum forms network of veins draining into testicular veins

41
Q

Lymphatic drainage from testicle

A

Lumbar and para-aortic nodes

X. MRCS: Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions