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X. MRCS: Anatomy > Hand & Forearm > Flashcards

Hand & Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Carpal Bones

A 
Proximal Row (lateral to medial)
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform (a sesamoid bone, formed within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris)
Distal Row (lateral to medial)
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate (has a projection on its palmar surface, known as the ‘hook of hamate’
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2
Q

Thenar Muscles

A

Opponens Pollicis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis

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3
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

Opponens Digiti Minimi
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

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4
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

Lumbricals
Palmar & Dorsal Interossei
Palmaris Brevis
Adductor Pollicis

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5
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Origin: tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: lateral margin of 1st metacarpal
Innervation: median nerve (recurrent branch/thenar branch)
Function: opposes the thumb

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6
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium & flexor retinaculum
Insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: recurrent branch of median n.
Function: Abducts the thumb

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7
Q

Flexor pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: tubercle of trapezium/flexor retinaclulm
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: recurrent branch of median n.
Function: Flex MCPJ of thumb

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8
Q

Opponens digits minimi

A

Origin: hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
Insertion: medial margin of 5th MTC
Innervation: Ulnar nerve
Function: rotates 5th MTC towards palm, producing opposition

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9
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Origin: pisiform and tendon of FCU
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 5th
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Function: abducts little finger

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10
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Origin: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Innervation: ulnar
Function: flexes MCPJ 5th

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11
Q

Lumbricals

A

4 lumbricals associated with each finger
Origin: tendon of FDP, pass dorsally and laterally around each finger
Insertion: extensor hood
Innervation: lateral 2 - median. medial 2 - ulnar
Function: flexion at MCPJ and extension of IPJs

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12
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

4 dorsal interossei muscles
Origin: lateral and medial surface of MTCs
Insertion: extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger
Innervation: ulnar n
Function: abduct fingers at MCPJ

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13
Q

Palmar interossei

A 
3 palmar interossei
Origin: medial or lateral surface of MTC
Insertion: extensor hood and proximal phalanx
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Function: adducts the fingers at MCP
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14
Q

Palmaris brevis

A

Origin: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: terms of skin and medial margin of hand
Innervation: ulnar n.
Function: wrinkles skin of hypothenar eminence, deepens curvature of hand (improving grip)

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15
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Origin: 1st head - 3rd MTC. 2nd head - capitiate, 2nd and 3rd MTC
Insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: ulnar n.
Function: Adductor of the thumb

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16
Q

Borders of the carpal tunnel

A

Deep carpal arch

  • Lateral border: scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
  • medial: hook of hamate and pisiform

Flexor retinaculum: Roof

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17
Q

Contents of Carpal tunnel

A

9 tendons:

  • 4 tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus
  • 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficial
  • flexor polices longus

Median nerve

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18
Q

Extensor compartments of the wrist

A

6 compartments:

  1. Extensor pollicis brevis/Abductor pollicis longus
  2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis/extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. Extensor pollicis longus
  4. extensor digitorum/extensor indices
  5. Extensor digiti minimi
  6. Extensor carpi ulnaris
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19
Q

Borders of the anatomic snuffbox

A

Ulnar: tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Radial: tendons of extensor policic brevis and abductor pollicis longus
Proximal border: styloid process of radius
Floor: carpal bones: scaphoid & trapezium
Roof: skin

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20
Q

Contents of the anatomic snuffbox

A

Radial artery
Superficial branch of radial nerve
Cephalic vein

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21
Q

Borders of Ulnar (Guyon’s) canal

A

Medial (ulnar) - pisiform, flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, abductor digiti minimi muscle
Lateral (radial) - hook of hamate
Roof - palmar carpal ligament
Floor - flexor retinaculum, pisohamate ligament, hypothenar muscles

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22
Q

Contents of Ulnar (Guyon’s) canal

A

Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
Venase comitantes of ulnar artery
Lymphatic vessels

23
Q

3 layers of muscles in anterior compartment of forearm

A

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

24
Q

Muscles in the superficial layer of anterior forearm

A 
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
(Pass, fail, pass, fail)
25
Q

Muscles in intermediate layer of anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

26
Q

Muscles in deep layer of anterior forearm

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

27
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulnar
Insertion: laterally on mid-shaft of radius
Innervation: median n.
Function: pronation of forearm

28
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd MTC
Innervation: median n.
Function: flexion and radial deviation of wrist (abduction)

29
Q

Palmaris longus

A 
Absent in 15%
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: flexor retinaculum
Innervation: median n.
Function: flexion of wrist
30
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: medial epicondyle, olecranon of ulna
Insertion: pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base of 5th
Innervation: ulnar n.
Function: flexion and ulnar deviation (adduction) of wrist

31
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

2 heads. median n. & ulnar art. run between them.
Origin: medial epicondyle, radius. Splits into 4 tendons at wrist. Travels through carpal tunnel.
Insertion: middle phalanx of 4 fingers
Innervation: median n.
Function: flexes MCPJs, PIPJs and wrist

32
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane. Splits into 4 tendons at wrist. Passes through carpal tunnel.
Insertion: distal phalanx of 4 fingers
Innervation: medial 2: ulnar. lateral 2: median
Function: flexion at DIPJs, MCPJs and wrist

33
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: median nerve (ant interosseous branch)
Function: flexes IPJ and MCPJ of thumb

34
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: ant. surface of ulna
Insertion: ant. surface of radius
Innervation: median nerve (ant. interosseous)
Function: pronates forearm

35
Q

Layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Superficial

Deep

36
Q

Superficial muscles in the posterior forearm

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carp ulnaris
Anconeus
37
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis
38
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: proximal aspect of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: distal end of radius
Innervation: radial nerve
Function: flexes elbow

39
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: supracondylar ridge
Insertion: 2rd & 3rd MTC
Innervation: radial n.
Function: extends and abducts wrist

40
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 2rd & 3rd MTC
Innervation: radial n.
Function: extends and abducts the wrist

41
Q

Extensor digitorum communis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle. tendon splits into 4 at distal forearm
Insertion: extensor hood of each finger
Innervation: Radial n. (deep branch)
Function: extension of MCPJs and IPJs

42
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: extensor hood of little finger
Innervation: radial n. (deep branch)
Function: Extends little finger and extension of wrist

43
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: base of 5th MTC
Innervation: radial n. (deep branch)
Function: extension and adduction of wrist

44
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: posterior and lateral olecranon
Innervation: radial nerve
Function: extends and stabilises elbow joint. Abducts ulnar during pronation of forearm

45
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle, posterior surface of ulna
Insertion: posterior surface of radius
Innervation: radial nerve (deep branch)
Function: supinates forearm

46
Q

Abductor Pollicis longus

A

Origin: interosseous membrane and post. surface of radius
Insertion: lateral side off base of 1st MTC
Innervation: radial n. (post. interosseous branch)
Function: abducts the thumb
Lateral border of anatomic snuffbox

47
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: post. surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: radial n. (post. interosseous branch)
Function: extends MCPJs and CMCJs of thumb
Lateral border of anatomic snuffbox

48
Q

Extensor Pollicis longus

A

Origin: post. surface of ulnar and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: radial n. (post. interosseous branch)
Function: extends IPJ/MCPJ/CMCJ of thumb
Medial border or anatomical snuffbox

49
Q

Extensor indicis proprius

A

Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: extensor hood of index finger
Innervation: radial n. (post. interosseous branch)
Function: extends index finger

50
Q

Borders of cubital fossa

A

Lateral - medial border of brachioradialis
Medial - lateral border of pronator trees
Superior - horizontal line between epicondyles of humerus
Roof - bicipital apnoeurosis, fascia
Floor - brachial (proximal), supinator (distal)

51
Q

Content of cubital fossa

A 
(Lateral to medial)
Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery (branches into ulnar/radial at apex)
Median nerve
52
Q

Borders of ulnar (cubital) tunnel

A

Medial - medial epicondyle
Lateral - olecranon
Floor - elbow joint capsule and medial collateral ligament of elbow
Roof - ligament spanning medial epicondyle and olecranon (cubital tunnel retinaculum/arcuate ligament of Osborne)

53
Q

Content of the ulnar (cubital) tunnel

A

Ulnar nerve

X. MRCS: Anatomy (18 decks)

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