Upper Airway Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of upper airway obstructive disease leading to laryngeal collapse

A
  • brachycephalic airway disease
  • laryngeal paralysis
  • tracheal collapse
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2
Q

primary features of brachycephalic airway disease

A
  • stenotic nares
  • elongated soft palate
  • tracheal hypoplasia
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3
Q

secondary features of brachycephalic airway disease

A
  • everted laryngeal saccules
  • laryngeal/pharyngeal oedema
  • tonsil eversion
  • laryngeal collapse
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4
Q

breeds associated with congenital inherited laryngeal paralysis

A
  • bull terriers
  • siberian huskies
  • dalmations
  • rotties
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5
Q

breeds associated with acquired (late onset) laryngeal paralysis

A
  • labs/goldens
  • st.bernards
  • afghans
  • irish setters
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6
Q

what is laryngeal paralysis?

A

failure of arytenoid abduction –> recurrent laryngeal nerves + cricoarytenoid dorsalis m. pathologies

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7
Q

what exams are necessary when assessing a dog with laryngeal paralysis?

A
  • neurologic/gait exam –> neuromuscular disease which may cause muscle weakness/atrophy, ataxia
  • +/- oesophogram –> may be assoc. w/ megO
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8
Q

signalment of tracheal collapse

A
  • middle aged
  • small and toy breeds
  • Poms, yorkies, mini poodles, pugs
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9
Q

what condition often presents w/ a ‘honking’ type cough?

A

tracheal collapse

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10
Q

what is the normal tracheal measurement on rads?

A

normal dog tracheal diameter is 20% of the thoracic inlet measurement

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11
Q

when is Doxopram used?

A

it is a respiratory stimulant that can be used to induce some breathing if dog is apnoeic during a laryngeal exam

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12
Q

Stage 1 laryngeal collapse =

A

everted saccules - vocal folds and saccules

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13
Q

Stage 2 laryngeal collapse =

A

symmetrical falling towards midline and lowering of piniform proccesses

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14
Q

Stage 3 laryngeal collapse =

A

corniculate proccess falls towards midline (as well as midline piniform)

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15
Q

what is the Traders technique for nares resection?

A

resecting the entire alar process –> heals w/ granular tissue/scarring

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16
Q

what is a staphylectomy?

A

resection of the soft palate to expose larynx opening and improve airflow

17
Q

tx for laryngeal paralysis

A

arytenoid lateralisation

- laryngeal tie-backs and modifications

18
Q

complication of tracheal stenting?

A
  • can cause intractable coughing
  • can break
  • xs granulation tissue infiltration
19
Q

surgical options for upper airway disease

A
  • manipulation/resection of; nares, soft palate, saccules
  • permanent tracheostomy
  • arytenoid lateralisation
  • tracheal stenting