Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery > Spinal Assesssment/Disease > Flashcards

Spinal Assesssment/Disease Flashcards

1
Q

5 important questions for spinal assessment

A
  1. Is there a neurological problem?
  2. Where is the problem?
  3. What is the severity of the problem?
  4. What is the problem?
  5. What is the appropriate treatment and prognosis?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how are a reflex and a response different?

A

reflexes are involuntary where responses are voluntary (higher cerebral integration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mental status levels

A
  1. Alert
  2. Depressed
  3. Stuporous
  4. Comatose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gait assessment factors

A
  1. Ambulatory?
  2. Ataxic?
  3. Paresis/plegic? (voluntary motor function)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 6 types of postural reactions

A
  1. Conscious proprioception: knuckling, paperslide
  2. Hopping
  3. Extensor postural thrust
  4. Wheel barrowing
  5. Placing reaction: tactile/visual
  6. Hemi- standing/walking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

UMN reflexes are

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LMN reflexes

A

decreased/absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LMN signs

A
  1. Reflexes: decreased/asbent
  2. Voluntary motor: decreased/absent
  3. Tone: decreased/absent
  4. Atrophy: severe, rapid, neurogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

UMN signs

A
  1. Reflexes: increased
  2. Voluntary motor: decreased/absent
  3. Tone: increased
  4. Atrophy: slow, disuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 basic functional spinal segments

A

Cervical C1-C5
Cervical intumescence C6-T2
Thoracolumbar T3-L3
Lumbar intumescence L4 - Cd5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

UMN of FL + UMN of HL indicates segment?

A

C1-C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LMN of FL + UMN of HL indicates segment?

A

C6- T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal FL + UMN HL indicates?

A

T3-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal FL + LMN HL indicates?

A

L4 - Cd5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 spinal reflex groups

A
  • myotatic (stretch)
  • withdrawal (flexors)
  • misc/other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HL myotatic reflex tests

A

patellar, sciatic, cranial tibial, common peroneal, gastrocnemius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

FL myotatic reflex tests

A

extensor carpi radialis, triceps, biceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

perform a flexor/withdrawal test

A
  • least noxious stim to foot to elicit withdrawal (reflex NOT response)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

list 3 misc spinal reflexes

A
  • perineal reflex
  • panniculus
  • crossed extensor reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

absence of the pannicular reflex indicates a lesion…

A

2 vertebrae cranial to where reflex reappears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Grade 1 spine

A

painful only - no neuro deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Grade 2 spine

A

ambulatory paraparesis

23
Q

Grade 3 spine

A

non ambulatory paraparesis (VM present)

24
Q

Grade 4 spine

A

paraplegia (no VM) + pain present

25
Q

Grade 5

A

paraplegia + no deep pain response

26
Q

prognosis of grade 2-4 spines w/ surgical intervention is

A

success 50-90% of time

27
Q

compare of prognosis grade 5 spine w/ sx intervention <48hrs or >48hrs from signs

A 
<48hs = 50-90% success
>48h = 5-50% success
28
Q

acute spinal disease ddxx

A
  1. Hansen Type I IVDD
  2. FCE
  3. Trauma
  4. GME
29
Q

intermediate onset spinal ddx

A
  1. Discospondylitis
  2. GME
  3. Neoplasia
30
Q

rad findings of discospondylitis

A
  • lysis of vertebral end plates
  • remodelling or production of reactive bone adjacent to areas of lysis
  • collapse of disc space
31
Q

pathogen commonly assoc. w/ discospondylitis

A

Staph intermedius

32
Q

chronic spinal dz ddx

A
  1. Hansen Type II IVDD
  2. Degenerative myelopathy/chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy
  3. Neoplasia
33
Q

how useful is the genetic test for degen myelopathy of GSD?

A
  • can only rule out - if gene absent

- cannot confirm

34
Q

define: lumbosacral disease

A

Hansen Type II IVDD of L7-S1

35
Q

define: wobblers

A

Hansen Type II IVDD of C4-C7

“ Cervical spondylomyelopathy”

36
Q

signalment of hansen type I IVDD

A
  • chondrodystrophoid breeds: dachshunds, pekingese

- age: 3-7yo

37
Q

signalment of hansen type II IVDD

A
  • non-chondrodystophoid usu. larger breeds

- age: 8-10yo

38
Q

pathogenesis of hansen type I IVDD

A
  • -> early chondroid degeneration of the nucleus pulposus of the disc occurs before 2yo –> the nucleus pulposus loses its gelatinous hydroelastic shock absorbing nature + becomes more cartilaginous + granular
  • -> the risk of rupture of the annulus fibrosis + disc extrusion = herniation of the nucleus often w/ explosive force into the spinal canal
  • -> eventually some discs may calficy which further decreases any shock absorbing capacity
39
Q

pathogenesis of hansen type II IVDD

A

annulus fibrosis undergoes fibrous metaplasia –> leads to partial rupture of the fibrous annular bands w/ subsequently ‘bulging’ of the annulus dorsally into the spinal canal

40
Q

common sites of IVDD

A

cervical (15%) C2-C3

thoracolumbar (85%) T11-12, L1-L2 *dt lack of intercapital ligament

41
Q

radiographic signs of IVDD

A
  • narrowing/wedging/collapse of IV space
  • sclerosis of the vertebral end plates
    +/- calcified material w/in the IV space or the spinal canal
42
Q

goal of IVDD surgery

A

remove compressive material from spinal canal + prevent recurrence

43
Q

sx approaches to IVDD

A
  • hemilaminectomy
  • ventral slot
    +/- fenestration
44
Q

describe post-op IVDD care considerations

A
  1. Restricted phys activity: 30d, w/ no running/jumping 6mnths
  2. Analgesia: opiates, NSAIDs, NO corticosteroids
  3. Recumbency: turn q2-3hrs
  4. GIT care: H2 receptors/PPI/mucosal protectants, constipation - metamucil (avoid enemas)
  5. Bladder and perineal care: indwelling U-cath w/ cleaning 2x/daily
  6. Physio: PROM 15-30mins 3-4x/day + massage
    - walking w/ sling
    - hydrotherapy onces sx site healed (5days)
45
Q

FCE presentation

A
  • usu larger dogs, per/acute during exercise - initially painful but then non-painful
  • often asymmetric
46
Q

location assoc. w/ worse prognosis in FCE

A

L3-S1

47
Q

tx of FCE

A

time + supportive care

48
Q

use of corticosteroids in spinal trauma risks

A
  1. gastric ulceration
  2. Colonic perforation
  3. Secondary infections
  4. Prolonged hospitalisation
49
Q

pathogens associated with discopondylitis

A

aspergillus, staph

50
Q

2 types of wobblers

A
  1. Osseous -associated: facet malformations + lig. hypertrophy (Great Danes)
  2. Disc associated: Hansen type II IVDD w/ stenotic spinal canal (Dobermans)
51
Q

eg. intramedullary neoplasia

A

metastatic astrocytoma

52
Q

eg. intradural-extramedullary neoplasia

A

meningiomas, nerve sheath tumours

53
Q

eg. extradural neoplasa

A

osteosarcoma

54
Q

mutation associated with degenerative myelopathy?

A

SOD-1 mutation

Surgery (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions