Perineum

Question 1

how long does a morphine epidural last?

Answer 1

up to 24h

Question 2

how long does a lidocaine/bupivicaine epidural last?

Answer 2

1-6h

Question 3

signalment for perineal hernias

Answer 3

• older, intact male dogs
• poodles, maltese, yorkies, collies, boxers, std.poodles

Cats w/ megacolon

Question 4

lesions associated with perineal hernias

Answer 4

• prostatic disease
• urinary bladder retroflexion
• old male dog diseases: perianal adenomas, testicular neoplasia

Question 5

techniques to repair a perineal hernia

Answer 5

• standard repair (usu fail due to necrosis/atrophy)
• internal obturator flap
• mesh
• cystopexy

adjunct semitendinosis flap

Question 6

adjunct semitendinosis flap gives what function in perineal hernia repair

Answer 6

gives ventral support in conjunction w/ internal obturator/mesh technique

Question 7

possible complications of perineal hernia repair

Answer 7

• faecal incontinence
• infection (E.coli)
• urinary incontinence
• sciatic damage
• tenesmus, rectal prolapse

Question 8

treatment approach to anal sac abscessation

Answer 8

• wound management and antibiotics
• not the time to be doing any surgical intervention dt rupture risk
• remove anal sac when disease quiet

Question 9

compare the closed and open anal sacculectomy techniques

Answer 9

close technique: taking out the anal sac in its entirely closed –> problems quite deep and traumatic
open technique - useful to visualise the mucosa and do minimal damage to anal sphincter

Question 10

behaviour of anal sac neoplasia

Answer 10

usu. highly malignant w/ mets to local LNs (inguinal and sublumbar LNs)

Question 11

treatment of anal sac neoplasia

Answer 11

• surgical excision of anal sac (bilaterally) closed technique and LN if involved
• • adjunct therapy (radiation/chemo)

Question 12

prognosis for anal sac neoplasia

Answer 12

6-12months

Question 13

appearance of perianal adenomas

Answer 13

circumscribed, circular, often ulcerated, varying size, may be multiple

Question 14

appearance of perianal adenocarcinomas

Answer 14

nodular, diffuse lesions, often ulcerated, varying size, often multiple

Question 15

signalment of perianal adenomas vs adenocarcinomas

Answer 15

adenomas = older, intact male dogs
adenocarcinomas = older females

Question 16

prognosis of perianal adenocarcinomas

Answer 16

<6months

Question 17

why is early castration preventative against perineal/perianal pathologies?

Answer 17

many are androgen dependent