upper airay obstruction

Question 1

describe the clinical features potential causes and mgt of upper airway obstruction

Answer 1

congential: tracheal stenosis.
Aquired- infection, inflammation, tumors(obstructive or recurrent laryngeal nerve destruction). traumas.

cyanosis, tracheal tug, WOB.

heliox- less dense air (helium + ox)

Question 2

descibe the anatomical features observes during tracheal intubation

Answer 2

pull up tounge
visulise larynx
aim tube through vocal chords

Question 3

describe the technique of emergency trachie formaiton

Answer 3

cricoidthyrotomoy- emergency airway formation. 1.5cm lower than thyroid cartiladge point. if unsure fill syringe with saline, insert, if air bubble then in the airway.
insert knifee and twist, then find a tube to make it patent.

open trach- horizontal incision in skin. seperate strap muscles, divide thyroid isthmus, window the hrachea below the vocal chords. dont remove for 7 days.

Question 4

list indication for and the complications of tracheostomy.

Answer 4

airway obstruction, congen or aquired.

protection of tracheobronchial tree (e.g aspirations)
ventilation insifficiency- reduce deadspace.
prevent deconditioning in ICU

complications- local damage, haemorrhage, surgical emphysema, infection, stenosis of trachea.