heart faliure Flashcards
what is heart faliure, its signs symptoms and causes
Where the heart is structurally and functionally unable to meet needs of body.
Causes: coronary artery disease, HTN, Valvular heart disease.
S+S: breathlessness worsened by exertion. Cough, orthopnea, pulsus alternans, PND
classification of heart faliure
NYHA classification
class 1: no symptoms or imitation
class 2: mild symptoms, slight limitation in physiocal activity, comfortable at rest but activity causes fatigue/ dyspnoea
class 3: mod syptoms, limitation of activity marked. less than ordinery activity = symptoms.
class 4 severe symptoms, unable to carry out any phys without dyscomfort. present at rest.
discuss Heart faliure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF- or diastolic- where there is an inability to the ventricles to fill, decreaced compliance, (hypertrophy, fibrosis, or other like amyloidosis)
HFrEF- pumping does not work efficiently, ischaemic heart disease or HTN, vent id dilated but fails to contract and eject.
diagnostic criteria of Heart faliure
investigations of heart faliure
management of heart faliure
Chronic- ACEI + Bblocker. Aldoserone antag if not controlled with ACEi+BB.
SGLUT2 inhibitors (reduce blood vol by dec glucose) Iverbradine as last line.
Acute- sit upright, high flow 02, IV acccess + ECG. Diamorphine IV slow. fruso IV slow. GTN 2 puff.
overview of right heart faliure- causes + symptoms
Often caused by left heart faliure. caused acutely by a PE causing blockage. COPD + pulm fibrosis can cause unilateral RHF.
backing up of blood into venour system due to poor pumping.
symptoms are usually Odema- think legs andkle etc, also ascites, epistaxis, liver faliure, nausea, anorexia.
discuss acute left heart faliure
chronic the heart will gradually compensate, sympathetics + RAAS activation. increaced blood vol, increaced heart myocardium- looses compliance. it will then become decompensated by a minor illness or something, goes into acute.
