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Science/Hass > Upcoming Main Chem Test > Flashcards

Upcoming Main Chem Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the smallest building blocks that make up everything

A

Atoms

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2
Q

What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?

A

Proton, Neutrons, Electrons

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3
Q

What are the very outmost electrons of an atom called?

A

Valence Electrons

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4
Q

What is the max amount of electrons on the first shell of an atom according to the Bohr model

A

2 electrons

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5
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in its nucleus, defining its elemental identity

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6
Q

Define an atom’s Mass number

A

The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

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7
Q

What is the difference between an element and compound?

A

An element = substance made of only one type of atom, compound = a substance made of atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

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8
Q

What is an ion?

A

an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive or negative electrical charge.

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9
Q

What is a cation?

A

A cation is a positively charged ion that has lost one or more electrons compared to its neutral state.

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10
Q

what is an anion?

A

a negatively charged ion that has gained one or more electrons compared to its neutral state.

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11
Q

Are metals or non-metals more likely to become anions?

A

Non-Metals

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11
Q

Are metals or non-metals more likely to become cations?

A

Metals

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12
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

An ionic compound is a substance composed of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions, held together by electrostatic forces.

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13
Q

Do Metals lose valence electrons to non-metals?

A

Yes

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14
Q

How is an ion formed?

A

by the loss or gain of electrons in an atom (Collision between metals and non-metals

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15
Q

In a periodic table, what are the two main organisation traits of it?

A

Periods and Groups

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16
Q

In a periodic table, what are periods?

A

Periods go vertically and show the amount of electrons shells are in an atom

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17
Q

In a periodic table, what are groups?

A

Groups go horizontally and show the number of valence electrons in an atom

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18
Q

When writing an ionic compound, what comes first? The cation or anion?

A

Cation is typically written first. E.g: Sodium (cation) –> Chloride (anion)

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19
Q

What is the chemical formula for phosphate?

A

PO4 with a negative charge of -3

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20
Q

What is the chemical formula for Sulfate?

A

SO2 with a negative charge of -4

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21
Q

What is the chemical formula for Hydroxide?

A

OH with a negative charge of -1

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22
Q

What is the chemical formula for Nitrate?

A

NO3 with a negative charge of -1

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23
Q

What is the chemical formula for oxide?

A

O with negative charge of -2

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24
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; it can only change form or be rearranged.

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25
Q

What is a reactant

A

substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

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26
Q

What is a product?

A

a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction between reactants

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27
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

The same original element, but with a different amount of neutrons

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28
Q

Give an example of an isoptope

A

E.g: Carbon-12, C-13, C-14

29
Q

What are the 4 main groups in the periodic table?

A

Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases

30
Q

What group are Alkali Metals in?

A

Group 1

31
Q

What group are Alkaline Earth Metals in?

A

Group 2

32
Q

What group are Halogens in?

A

Group 7

33
Q

What group are Noble Gases in?

A

Group 8

34
Q

What element doesn’t apply to the rule given in groups?

A

Helium

35
Q

What is the Ionic Compound formulae?

A

Metal Ion + Non-Metal Ion

36
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A chemical reaction is when substances change into different substances by breaking and forming bonds between their atoms.

37
Q

Products for Acid and Metal

A

Hydrogen Gas and Dissolved Salt

38
Q

What are the products for Acids and Bases

A

Salt and Water

39
Q

What are the products for Acids and Carbonate?

A

Carbon Dioxide, Water and Salt

40
Q

In an exothermic reaction what changes?

A

Heat is increased and energy is released

41
Q

In an endothermic reaction what changes?

A

Heat is decreased and energy enters

42
Q

When naming salts, how is it ordered?

A

Element naming order must be Base to Acid: E.g – Barium Sulfate (Barium is base, sulfate is acid)

43
Q

What is combustion?

A

A reaction where a fuel reacts with oxygen to form CO2 and H2O water vapour

44
Q

What is oxidation?

A

A chemical reaction between iron and its exposure to oxygen resulting in Iron Oxide (Rusting)

45
Q

What is the general worded equation for Oxidation?

A

Fe + O2 -> Fe2 O3

46
Q

What is the general chemical formula for combustion?

A

C4H10 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

47
Q

What is the general chemical formula for fuel?

A

C4H10

48
Q

What is the worded equation for combustion?

A

Fuel + Oxygen -> energy +waste (CO2)

49
Q

What Ions do Acids release?

A

hydrogen

50
Q

What Ions do Bases release?

A

hydroxide

51
Q

What does pH stand for?

A

potential for hydrogen

52
Q

What is the pH scale for acids?

A

below 7

53
Q

What is the pH scale for bases?

A

above 7

54
Q

For an atom to undergo decay, is it stable or unstable?

A

unstable

55
Q

What are the 3 main types of nuclear decay?

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

56
Q

What does alpha radiation release? What other properties does it have?

A

releases of particles of 2p/2n, Strong Ionising, Large particle, can be stopped by a few centimetres of air and paper

57
Q

What is radiation?

A

Unstable isotope emitting a particle of energy

58
Q

What is Ionisation?

A

the strength of how strong something can knock out an electron

59
Q

What does beta radiation release? and its characteristics?

A

Releases high velocity electrons, moderate ionising, penetrates several metres of air and 5mm aluminium can block

60
Q

What does Gamma radiation release? and its characteristics?

A

Waves of electromagnetic radiation released, No mass no charge, weak ionising, penetrates long distances through air and thick sheets of lead can block

61
Q

What is radioactive half life?

A

the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a substance to undergo radioactive decay.

62
Q

Why does unstable isotopes undergo radioactive half-life decay?

A

So that it then can become a stable isotope

63
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

a process where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

64
Q

What is the worded equation for photsynthesis?

A

Water + CO2 | (sunlight) ->| Glucose (sugar) + O2

65
Q

What is the chemical equation for glucose?

A

C6H12O6

66
Q

What is Cellular Respiration?

A

a process where glucose and nutrients and converted with oxygen to turn into carbon dioxide and water

67
Q

Is photosynthesis exo or endothermic reaction?

A

endothermic

68
Q

Is Cellular Respiration exo or endothermic

A

exothermic

69
Q

What is a key thing with photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

Key to life, they both need each other to survive (cycle)

Science/Hass (10 decks)

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