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Science/Hass > Upcoming Main Chem Test > Flashcards

Upcoming Main Chem Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the smallest building blocks that make up everything

A

Atoms

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2
Q

What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?

A

Proton, Neutrons, Electrons

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3
Q

What are the very outmost electrons of an atom called?

A

Valence Electrons

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4
Q

What is the max amount of electrons on the first shell of an atom according to the Bohr model

A

2 electrons

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5
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in its nucleus, defining its elemental identity

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6
Q

Define an atom’s Mass number

A

The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

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7
Q

What is the difference between an element and compound?

A

An element = substance made of only one type of atom, compound = a substance made of atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

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8
Q

What is an ion?

A

an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive or negative electrical charge.

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9
Q

What is a cation?

A

A cation is a positively charged ion that has lost one or more electrons compared to its neutral state.

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10
Q

what is an anion?

A

a negatively charged ion that has gained one or more electrons compared to its neutral state.

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11
Q

Are metals or non-metals more likely to become anions?

A

Non-Metals

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11
Q

Are metals or non-metals more likely to become cations?

A

Metals

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12
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

An ionic compound is a substance composed of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions, held together by electrostatic forces.

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13
Q

Do Metals lose valence electrons to non-metals?

A

Yes

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14
Q

How is an ion formed?

A

by the loss or gain of electrons in an atom (Collision between metals and non-metals

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15
Q

In a periodic table, what are the two main organisation traits of it?

A

Periods and Groups

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16
Q

In a periodic table, what are periods?

A

Periods go vertically and show the amount of electrons shells are in an atom

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17
Q

In a periodic table, what are groups?

A

Groups go horizontally and show the number of valence electrons in an atom

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18
Q

When writing an ionic compound, what comes first? The cation or anion?

A

Cation is typically written first. E.g: Sodium (cation) –> Chloride (anion)

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19
Q

What is the chemical formula for phosphate?

A

PO4 with a negative charge of -3

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20
Q

What is the chemical formula for Sulfate?

A

SO2 with a negative charge of -4

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21
Q

What is the chemical formula for Hydroxide?

A

OH with a negative charge of -1

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22
Q

What is the chemical formula for Nitrate?

A

NO3 with a negative charge of -1

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23
Q

What is the chemical formula for oxide?

A

O with negative charge of -2

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24
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; it can only change form or be rearranged.
25
What is a reactant
substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
26
What is a product?
a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction between reactants
27
What are Isotopes?
The same original element, but with a different amount of neutrons
28
Give an example of an isoptope
E.g: Carbon-12, C-13, C-14
29
What are the 4 main groups in the periodic table?
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases
30
What group are Alkali Metals in?
Group 1
31
What group are Alkaline Earth Metals in?
Group 2
32
What group are Halogens in?
Group 7
33
What group are Noble Gases in?
Group 8
34
What element doesn't apply to the rule given in groups?
Helium
35
What is the Ionic Compound formulae?
Metal Ion + Non-Metal Ion
36
What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is when substances change into different substances by breaking and forming bonds between their atoms.
37
Products for Acid and Metal
Hydrogen Gas and Dissolved Salt
38
What are the products for Acids and Bases
Salt and Water
39
What are the products for Acids and Carbonate?
Carbon Dioxide, Water and Salt
40
In an exothermic reaction what changes?
Heat is increased and energy is released
41
In an endothermic reaction what changes?
Heat is decreased and energy enters
42
When naming salts, how is it ordered?
Element naming order must be Base to Acid: E.g – Barium Sulfate (Barium is base, sulfate is acid)
43
What is combustion?
A reaction where a fuel reacts with oxygen to form CO2 and H2O water vapour
44
What is oxidation?
A chemical reaction between iron and its exposure to oxygen resulting in Iron Oxide (Rusting)
45
What is the general worded equation for Oxidation?
Fe + O2 -> Fe2 O3
46
What is the general chemical formula for combustion?
C4H10 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
47
What is the general chemical formula for fuel?
C4H10
48
What is the worded equation for combustion?
Fuel + Oxygen -> energy +waste (CO2)
49
What Ions do Acids release?
hydrogen
50
What Ions do Bases release?
hydroxide
51
What does pH stand for?
potential for hydrogen
52
What is the pH scale for acids?
below 7
53
What is the pH scale for bases?
above 7
54
For an atom to undergo decay, is it stable or unstable?
unstable
55
What are the 3 main types of nuclear decay?
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
56
What does alpha radiation release? What other properties does it have?
releases of particles of 2p/2n, Strong Ionising, Large particle, can be stopped by a few centimetres of air and paper
57
What is radiation?
Unstable isotope emitting a particle of energy
58
What is Ionisation?
the strength of how strong something can knock out an electron
59
What does beta radiation release? and its characteristics?
Releases high velocity electrons, moderate ionising, penetrates several metres of air and 5mm aluminium can block
60
What does Gamma radiation release? and its characteristics?
Waves of electromagnetic radiation released, No mass no charge, weak ionising, penetrates long distances through air and thick sheets of lead can block
61
What is radioactive half life?
the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a substance to undergo radioactive decay.
62
Why does unstable isotopes undergo radioactive half-life decay?
So that it then can become a stable isotope
63
What is photosynthesis?
a process where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar
64
What is the worded equation for photsynthesis?
Water + CO2 | (sunlight) ->| Glucose (sugar) + O2
65
What is the chemical equation for glucose?
C6H12O6
66
What is Cellular Respiration?
a process where glucose and nutrients and converted with oxygen to turn into carbon dioxide and water
67
Is photosynthesis exo or endothermic reaction?
endothermic
68
Is Cellular Respiration exo or endothermic
exothermic
69
What is a key thing with photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Key to life, they both need each other to survive (cycle)

Science/Hass (11 decks)

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