Science Yr 9 Physics: Heat and Electricity Flashcards
What is thermal energy?
The total amount of kinetic energy (motion) in a substance (vibration of particles)
What is temperature?
Average kinetic energy in a substance
What is thermal equilibrium
When thermal energy is transferred between objects until both object temperatures are balanced
Thermal gradient meaning
The difference in temperature between objects
What are the three kinds of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection and radiation
What is conduction?
Heat transfer through the kinetic energy (vibration) between particles
Conductor meaning?
Materials or substances that allows heat or electricity to flow through well
Insulator meaning?
Materials or substances that do not allow heat or electricity to flow through well
Examples of conductors?
Most metals, E.g copper, gold, silver, bronze, etc
Examples of insulators?
Plastic, wood, rubber, glass, etc…
What is convection?
Heat transfer through the movement of particles (convection currents)
Convection currents meaning
A current in a fluid (liquid or gas) that results from convection, causing a current.
Examples of convection
Boiling water, normal room (cold ground, warm ceiling), Sea breeze (Cool air to land, warm air to sky, then cool towards the sea)
What is radiation?
Heat transfer through the form of waves, in which can travel through empty space and vacuums.
Thermal radiation
Radiation that produces heat from a source
