Unwell Child Flashcards
What are the anatomical and physiological differences between pediatric and adults?
Large prominent occiput
And big tongue
What are the three things in the paediatric triangle
Appearance
Work of breathing
Circulation
What could it mean if a paediatric appearance is low
CNS,metabolic - provide oxygen
What could it mean if a paediatric is having work of breathing issues
Respiratory distress
What could it mean if a paediatric is having work of breathing issues and is low on appearance
Respiratory failure
What could it mean if a paediatric appearance is low and is having circulation problem
Shock
What could it mean if a paediatric appearance is low and is having work of breathing and circulation issues
Cardiovascular failure
What are the signs of deterioration
Increased work of breathing
Cyanosis
Bradycardia
What is asthma
It’s an acute inflammation of the airway leads to a wheeze.can be caused by a trigger e.g pollen,dust
What is moderate exacerbation asthma
able to talk in full sentences
Moderate exacerbation heart rate and resp rate
less than 140 min age 2-5 HR
Less than 125 ages 5 over HR
Less than 40 min age 2-5 RR
Less than 30 min over 5 RR
What is acute severe
The inability to complete sentence in one breath
Acute severe heart rate and resp rate
more than 140 age 2-5 HR
more than 125 over 5 HR
more then 40 min 2-5 RR
morw then 30 min 5 over RR
What is life threatening
Silent chest and cyanosis
Life threatening heart rate and resp rate
Hypotension,poor respiratory effect and exhaustion
What is Bronchiolitis
Is the inflammation of the bronchioles,acute and self limiting infection
What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis
reduced SPO2,increased RR,Recession
Irregular breathing
When will you need to transport a pediatric to hospital with Bronchiolitis
High-risk baby,less than 2 months Tachypnoeic and tachycardia
What is Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
are common in pediatric includes Tonsillitis/sore throat
Otitis media
Common cold
What are the signs and symptoms of URTI
Sore throat
Cough
Fever
Headache
What is the physical exam of URTI
Breath odour
Inflamed tonsils
Respiratory distress or stridor
‘Muffled’ voice – quinsy
What is lower respiratory tract infection
This includes infections such as pneumonia
What are the signs and symptoms of LRTI
Fever
Cough
Tachypnoea
Nasal Flaring
Chest recession
why would you transfer to hospital for URTI/LRTI
less than 2 years, Unable to take medicine orally
Dehydrated
Severe DIB
Concerns of meningococcal disease
Diminished fluid intake
What is Croup
Inflammation around the larynx
what are the symptoms of croup
sounds like a bark when coughing Use of accessory muscles
Can present with respiratory distress, respiratory failure and respiratory arrest
Hoarse voice
What is the management of croup
Modified TAUSSIG croup score for severity- Consider Dexamethasone
oxygen,calm approach
What is the Modified TAUSSIG Croup Score
stridor - Only on Crying, exertion (1)
- At rest (2)
- Severe (3)
Recession - - Only on Crying, exertion (1)
- At rest (2)
- Severe (3)
What is Epiglottis
This is an acute inflammation of the epiglottis which left untreated can be potentially fatal
What are the causes of Epiglottis
Bacterial infection or injury
Very rare now due to HIB vaccine
What are the symptoms of epiglottis
Fever
Unwell/ distressed
Stridor
Difficult and painful to swallow
How do manage epiglottis
oxygen
priority call to hospital
What is Febrile illness
Most common medical problem in childhood.Suggests an underlying infection.Temperature >38oC is likely to be significant
What is the NICE traffic tool
the presence or absence of symptoms and signs
Green - low risk
Amber - intermediate risk
Red - High risk
What are the dehydration red flags
Appears unwell or deteriorating
Altered responsiveness
Sunken eyes
Tachycardia
Tachypnoea
Reduced skin turgor
What are causes of convulsions
Febrile - occurs from a sudden rise in temperature
Brain insults
Epilepsy
Convulsive Status Epilepticus
How to deal with a Convulsion
OP and NP tubes
100% oxygen as per JRCALC in an active seizure
Oxygen titrated to 94-98% for post-ictal phase
And being prepared with the bag valve mask
What is childhood gastroenteritis
Sudden onset of diarrhoea.At risk of dehydration
What is Encephalitis
Swelling (inflammation) of the brain, most often due to infections.
What is Hydrocephalus
A buildup of fluid inside the skull.
What is Meningitis
Infection of the membranes covering the brain meninges
How to deal with overdoes/ poisoniong management
Oxygen,NEVER induce vomiting
Consider 12 lead ECG
Convey to hospital with sample and containers
What is septicaemia
bacteria invade the bloodstream
Treatment of Meningococcal Meningitis and Septicaemia
High flow O2
Full set of observations + BM on the way to hospital
Paramedics can give benzylpenicillin
