Neurological

Question 1

What can cause a neurological change

Answer 1

Anything that affects the brain
Caused by damage to the brain itself
anything that affects the spinal cord
Paralysis
Numbness
Twitching movements

Question 2

GCS

Answer 2

Eyes - 4
Verbal - 5
Motor - 6

Question 3

Cerebrovascular

Answer 3

Stroke when the blood supply to a part of your brain is interrupted (or reduced) which then deprives brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients.

Question 4

what is ischaemic stroke

Answer 4

This is the most common type of stroke and occurs when a blockage cuts off the blood supply

Question 5

what is Haemorrhagic stroke

Answer 5

This is due to bleeding into the brain following a blood vessel rupturing

Question 6

Speech

Answer 6

Expressive aphasia -when someone is unable to produce meaningful words or sentences

Receptive aphasia - is when someone is able to produce vast sentences at a normal rate but there will be no meaning or value

Anomic aphasia -This is when someone can’t find the right word

Question 7

Transient ischaemic attack

Answer 7

caused by a temporary disruption in the blood supply to the brain symptoms are temporary and sometimes, simply resolve on their own must be blue to the HASU

Question 8

Meningococcal disease

Answer 8

This is a life-threatening infection. It is a term used to describe two major illnesses – meningitis and septicaemia. Meningitis is an infection of the meninges – the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

what is septicaemia

Answer 9

Septicaemia is blood poisoning. It occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream.

Question 10

What is the management of Meningococcal disease

Answer 10

High flow oxygen
Paramedics can give benzylpenicillin and fluids
Blue call to hospital

Question 11

what is a Seizures

Answer 11

Seizures are caused by bursts of uncontrolled electrical activity between neurons in the brain,This leads to temporary abnormalities in muscle tone or movements. There are different types:
Febrile
Focal
Generalised

Question 12

what is focal

Answer 12

This is when electrical impulses start in one area on one side of the brain. This can happen in any one of the lobes in the brain

Question 13

what is febrile

Answer 13

is due to a high fever and is not linked to intracranial pathology most common in children

Question 14

what is Generalised

Answer 14

This is when the whole brain starts firing off impulses. This presents in a variety of ways

Question 15

Absent seizures

Answer 15

This causes someone to ‘blank out’ or stare for a few seconds. Can be triggered by flashing lights or following episodes of hyperventilation

Question 16

Myoclonic seizures

Answer 16

These are sudden, short-lasting jerks that can affect some or all of the body. They don’t impair consciousness and can sometimes last seconds

Question 17

Clonic seizures

Answer 17

This results in fast stiffening and relaxation of a muscle in quick succession (repeated jerking). Can affect one side of the brain (one arm moves) or both sides of brain when whole body moves

Question 18

Tonic seizures

Answer 18

This is when the body becomes overly stiff.

Question 19

Tonic-clonic seizures

Answer 19

This combines tonic and clonic together
Clonic = rhythmic jerking
Tonic = stiffening
whole body becoming stiff or jerking. It leads to tongue biting and urinary incontinence

Question 20

What are the causes of seizures

Answer 20

Discontinuation of medication
Infection – meningitis or encephalitis
Metabolic derangements
Drug toxicity (cocaine, amphetamines)
Alcohol withdrawal
CVA
Intracranial mass
Head injury

Question 21

what is the management of seizures

Answer 21

Putting them in the recovery position is best practice -who is having an active tonic-clonic seizure

manage their airway Np airways

bitten their tongue, then there might be blood in their mouth. Therefore, you might need to use suction

high flow oxygen

Question 22

Headaches history taking

Answer 22

“Is this the worst headache you’ve ever had?”

“Is this different from your usual headaches?”

“Is this a new headache?”

Question 23

What is a tension headache

Answer 23

This is the most common type of headache. Normally, they’re brought on by stress or fatigue pain is generalised or posterior

Question 24

What is sinus headache

Answer 24

This is caused by the sinuses becoming blocked and inflamed. Associated with a deep and persistent ache in the cheekbones, forehead or bridge of nose.

Question 25

what is exertion headaches

Answer 25

These can happen immediately following periods of intense physical activity such as running, weightlifting. They are short-lived but are throbbing in nature on both sides of the head

Question 26

what is a migraine

Answer 26

These can be incapacitating causing severe pain that even disrupts daily life. Migraines are related to blood vessel constriction and are often triggered by the environment cause throbbing pain on one or both sides of the head

Question 27

What is cluster headaches

Answer 27

These are rare that consists of severe burning or piercing pain around, or behind, one eye or side of the face, often with facial swelling

Question 28

What is thunderclap headache

Answer 28

The pain of these severe headaches peak within 60 seconds
usually having to do with bleeding in and around the brain.