Cardiac Flashcards
What are the four layers of the heart
Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What is atherosclerosis
is the association with fatty degeneration and vessel stiffening.The earliest visible lesion of atherosclerosis is the fatty streak, which is due to an accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells in the intimal layer of the artery. With time, the fatty streak evolves into a fibrous plaque, the hallmark of established atherosclerosis.
What is mature plaque
This can lead to ischemia- is a condition in which blood flow is restricted of reduced in a part of the body.Cardiac ischemia is decreased blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle.
What is a ruptured plaque and thrombosis
Thrombosis is a blood clot within blood vessels that limits the flow of blood.this can lead to a MI
What is a Acute Coronary Syndrome
This is a term used to describe a range of conditions associate with the heart -reduced blood flow
What is ST elevation myocardial infraction (STEMI)
A STEMI results from a complete and prolonged occlusion of an epicardial coronary blood vessel and is defined based on ECG criteria.
What is a Non- ST elevation myocardial infraction (NSTEMI)
NSTEMI usually results from severe coronary artery narrowing, transient occlusion, or microembolization of thrombus and/or atheromatous material.
What is a unstable Angina
one of several acute coronary syndromes, causes unexpected chest pain, and usually occurs while resting.
What is Troponin
Is a protein that’s released into the bloodstream during heart attack
What are the types of pains
Crushing - Acute coronary syndromes
Sharp - Pneumonia,pulmonary embolism,pleuritic, MSK
Burning - GORD,peptic ulcers
Arching/dull - MSK,inflammation
Tearing/ripping - Aortic dissection
Other symptoms asscoicated with cardaic
Nausea
Indigestion
Jaw pain and arm left
sweaty
Extreme fatigue
IPPA
Inspect - any scars,evidence of previous surgeries,pacemaker
Palpate - Pulses strength,rate an regularity - carotid,radial,brachial
Percussion - whether oragn is filled with air or fluid
Ausculation - listening to the heart and lungs - heart failure can lead to pulmonary oedema
