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IFR Brush Ups > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of approaches in aviation?

A
  1. Precision 2. Non-Precision 3. APV (Approach w/ vertical guidance)
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2
Q

What is a Precision approach?

A

Provides vertical and lateral guidance in the form of a glideslope/localizer. Most accurate and meets specific standards. ILS is the most common.

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3
Q

What is a Non-Precision approach?

A

Provides lateral guidance to the runway. Abide by all altitudes → step downs.

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4
Q

What is an APV approach?

A

Lateral guidance (+) vertical w/ a glideslope. Although it has a glideslope, it does not meet criteria to be precision.

Examples include LPV, LNAV/VNAV.

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5
Q

When should you initiate Missed Approach Procedures?

A

When you reach your DA or when you reach your MAP on non-precision.

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6
Q

What does the Missed Approach Procedure provide?

A

Obstacle clearance throughout the missed approach procedure.

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7
Q

What must you ensure before executing a missed approach?

A

Your plane is able to do it (Performance).

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8
Q

What should you do if you execute the missed approach prior to the MAP?

A

Remain at or above the MDA to ensure obstacle clearance and continue to MAP while climbing to altitude specific in procedure.

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9
Q

What are the requirements for Procedure Turns & Course Reversals?

A

Must remain 10 nm from fix (Typically), Max Speed = 200 kts, If it’s published you must do a course reversal.

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10
Q

What do Procedure Turns establish?

A

You on an inbound course, along with hold & lieu and teardrops.

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11
Q

What does SHARP TT stand for in relation to when no PT is required?

A

S - Straight in H - Hold in lieu A - Arc R - Radar Vectors P - no PT Published T - Teardrop T - Timed Approach

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12
Q

What is a Visual Approach?

A

Initiated by the pilot or ATC. Must have airport & traffic in sight. Must have 1000 ft AGL ceilings, 3sm, and be COC. Radar services are terminated once over to the tower.

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13
Q

What is a Contact Approach?

A

Must be requested by the pilot. Need 1sm & COC. Airports w/ std. or special instruments approaches. Maintain IFR clearance. Traffic & obstruction becomes the pilot’s responsibility.

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14
Q

What are Timed Approaches?

A

Established from holding fix when many aircraft are waiting for an approach clearance.

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15
Q

How does a controller indicate that Timed Approaches are in use?

A

The assigning of time to depart the FAF inbound or outer marker inbound for approach indicates timed approaches are in use.

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16
Q

What is the pilot’s responsibility once time is received for a Timed Approach?

A

It’s the pilot’s job to adjust the holding pattern to cross fix at designated time.

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17
Q

When can Timed Approaches be conducted?

A

When the Control Tower is active and communication is maintained between pilot/ATC.

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18
Q

What is required if there is more than 1 Missed Approach Procedure?

A

No PT (Procedure Turn) is required.

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19
Q

What conditions must be met for a single Missed Approach Procedure?

A

No course reversal and ceilings & visibility are equal to or greater than the highest minimums published.

20
Q

What should a pilot do if cleared for approach?

A

Do not perform a Procedure Turn (PT).

21
Q

What are Circling Approaches?

A

Instrument approaches starting with the letter A and no straight in.

22
Q

Why are there Circling Only Approaches?

A
  1. Final approach course alignment with runway is greater than 30° off runway centerline. 2. Descent from FAF to TCH is greater than 400 fpm. 3. Runway markings are not clearly defined.
23
Q

What is Circling Distance based on?

A

Based on category and the closest threshold when circling.

24
Q

What is guaranteed with category distance in Circling Approaches?

A

Guaranteed obstacle clearance with category distance.

25
Q

What is the minimum clearance in the circling area?

A

Minimum of 300 ft clearance.

26
Q

What must be considered at uncontrolled fields during circling?

A

Always consider traffic patterns.

27
Q

What is the requirement for circling minimums?

A

Must stay at or above circling minimums.

28
Q

What is the recommended path to use when circling?

A

Use the shortest path to base/downwind.

29
Q

What should always be checked during circling?

A

Always check notes.

30
Q

What are the Circling Categories and their distances?

A

CAT A: 1.3 nm, CAT B: 1.5 nm, CAT C: 1.7 nm, CAT D: 2.3 nm, CAT E: 4.5 nm.

31
Q

What are the speed limits for each Circling Category?

A

CAT A: Up to 90 kts, CAT B: 91 to 120 kts, CAT C: 121 to 140 kts, CAT D: 141 to 165 kts, CAT E: 165 kts and above.

32
Q

What is the basis for determining Circling Category?

A

Based on Vref and 1.3 x VSO.

33
Q

What should be done if visual reference to the airport is lost while circling?

A

Execute the missed approach.

34
Q

What is the initial action when executing a missed approach while circling?

A

Make an initial climbing turn towards the landing runway, then maneuver to intercept & fly missed procedure.

35
Q

What will adherence to clearance ensure during a missed approach?

A

It will keep you clear of obstacles.

36
Q

What is ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)?

A

Requested by the pilot. Non-precision IAP. Controller provides heading & distance information. ATC assigns headings to get you on runway centerline. Controller gives you MDA. Controller tells you the MAP & distance to the runway. Only at civil radar IAP minimums.

37
Q

What is PAR (Precision Approach Radar)?

A

Initiated by pilot. Precision IAP. ATC provides pilot w/ precise vertical, lateral, & range information. Gives you headings to fly. ATC tells you to intercept glideslope/ when to descend. Once established make all turns ½ std. rate. Navigation all the way down to DA.

38
Q

What is a No Gyro Approach?

A

Request when gyroscopic instruments fail or become inaccurate. Controller will tell you when to turn. Don’t report back to ATC. Make all turns std. rate until established on FAF, then make all ½ std. rate.

39
Q

What is a Side-Step approach?

A

Less than 1200 ft apart followed by straight in landing. Expected to make a maneuver as soon as the runway is in sight. MDA. Execute missed approach procedure for runway started on. Higher than ILS minimums, lower than circling minimums.

40
Q

What are the requirements for a Parallel w/ Dependent ILS Approach?

A

Parallel centerlines must be 2500 ft apart. Aircraft separated by 1.5 miles diagonally.

41
Q

What are the requirements for Simultaneous Close ILS Approaches?

A

Parallel runways separated by 4300 to 9000 ft apart. Can be right next to each other. Aircraft on two different runways at same point.

42
Q

What defines Simultaneous Converging Instrument Approaches?

A

Situated at an angle 15° to 100°. Each runway must have a MAP at least 3 nm apart. All terminate w/ straight in landing. Identified on approach charts w/ letter ‘V’. Need 700 ft ceilings & 2sm.

43
Q

What is the definition of IFR Emergencies?

A

Distress → A situation where you need immediate assistance due to danger. Urgent → Not immediate danger but do require assistance to avoid catastrophic events.

44
Q

What are the distress and urgent signals in IFR Emergencies?

A

Distress → Mayday x3. Urgent → Pan x3.

45
Q

What should you do in an IFR emergency?

A

Contact ATC or guard (121.5). Tell ATC what you need.

46
Q

What are the requirements for Malfunction Reports (91.187)?

A

Required to report all equipment failure in controlled airspace. What to include in Report? 1. Tail # 2. What equipment was affected 3. If it will affect ability in IFR 4. If you need further assistance from ATC.

47
Q

What is Minimum Fuel?

A

Merely an advisory. Unable to accept little to no delay. Don’t wait to tell ATC.

IFR Brush Ups (5 decks)

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