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IFR Brush Ups > Instruments > Flashcards

Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Pitot Static Instruments?

A
  1. Airspeed - Uses Pitot & Static
  2. Altimeter - Static Only
  3. Vertical Speed Indicator - Static Only
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2
Q

How does the Airspeed Indicator work?

A

Connected to both pitot port & static port. Displays your airspeed.

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3
Q

What is the formula for Dynamic Pressure? (Airflow over airplanes)

A

Ram Pressure (-) static pressure = Dynamic Pressure

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4
Q

What happens to the diaphragm in the Airspeed Indicator?

A

The faster you go, the more ram pressure goes into the diaphragm, causing it to expand and show greater airspeed.

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5
Q

What should the Airspeed Indicator read during a Pre-Flight Check?

A

Should read 0 unless facing a strong wind.

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6
Q

What are the types of Airspeed?

A

Indicated Airspeed, Calibrated Airspeed, Equivalent Airspeed, True Airspeed, Ground Speed

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7
Q

What is Indicated Airspeed?

A

Read directly off the altimeter.

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8
Q

What is Calibrated Airspeed?

A

Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument and installation errors.

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9
Q

What is Equivalent Airspeed?

A

In simple terms: EAS is the “real” airspeed that tells you how the plane is interacting with the air around it, no matter how high up you are.

Affects airspeeds about 200kts and +20,000 ft.

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10
Q

What is True Airspeed?

A

Actual speed of your airplane moving through undisturbed air. EAS corrected for nonstandard temperature & pressure.

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11
Q

What is Ground Speed?

A

TAS corrected for winds. Actual speed over ground.

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12
Q

How is the Altimeter connected?

A

Only connected to static port.

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13
Q

What does IFR require for Altimeter?

A

A sensitive altimeter which is adjustable for barometric pressure.

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14
Q

What is Standard Pressure?

A

29.92 inHg or 1013.2mb

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15
Q

What is Standard Temperature?

A

15°C or 59°F

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16
Q

What happens to the Aneroid Wafer in the Altimeter when you climb?

A

Wafer expands.

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17
Q

What happens to the Aneroid Wafer in the Altimeter when you descend?

A

Wafer shrinks.

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18
Q

What is Indicated Altitude?

A

Read directly off altimeter once set for current barometric pressure. Shows in MSL.

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19
Q

What is Calibrated Altitude?

A

Indicated altitude corrected for instrument error.

In simple terms: Calibrated altitude is the “fixed” or “adjusted” height that tells you how high you are, based on real conditions, to help keep you safe while flying!

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20
Q

What is Pressure Altitude?

A

Altitude when altimeter is set to standard pressure.

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21
Q

What is Density Altitude?

A

Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature.

When density altitude is high, aircraft performance decreases.

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22
Q

What is True Altitude?

A

Actual height above MSL (Mean Sea Level).

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23
Q

What is Absolute Altitude?

A

Actual height AGL (Above Ground Level).

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24
Q

When will Indicated and True altitude be the same?

A

When flying through standard pressure & standard temperature.

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25
Q

What is the Pre-Flight Check for Altimeter?

A

Reads within +/- 75 ft of field elevation.

26
Q

How does the Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) work?

A

Only connected to a static port. Shows rate of climb in feet per minute.

27
Q

What is the stabilization time for VSI?

A

6 to 9 seconds to stabilize.

28
Q

What happens to VSI during turbulence?

A

Inaccurate reading during turbulence or rough air.

29
Q

What does the VSI show initially?

A

Shows trend but after stabilized it shows rate.

30
Q

What should the VSI read during a Pre-Flight Check?

A

Should read 0, but if not that number becomes your new zero.

31
Q

What happens during Static Port Blockage for Airspeed?

A

Shows correctly if remain at the same altitude. At higher altitudes, it will show lower airspeed.

32
Q

What happens during Static Port Blockage for Altimeter?

A

Freezes on altitude blocked at.

33
Q

What happens during Static Port Blockage for VSI?

A

Freezes on zero.

34
Q

What to do when Static Blockage occurs?

A

Turn on Alternate Static Port or break glass.

35
Q

What happens when Alternate Static is on for Airspeed?

A

Indication shows faster than it should.

36
Q

What happens when Alternate Static is on for Altimeter?

A

Indicates higher than it should.

37
Q

What happens when Alternate Static is on for VSI?

A

Momentarily shows a climb.

38
Q

What happens during Pitot Tube/Mast Blockage with a clogged Ram inlet?

A

Airspeed drops to 0.

39
Q

What happens during Pitot Blockage with both Ram inlet & Drain hole clogged?

A

Airspeed indicator will act as an altimeter.

40
Q

What to do when Pitot Blockage occurs?

A

Turn on the Pitot Heat.

41
Q

What happens during Vacuum Failure?

A

Attitude & Heading indicator will fail.

42
Q

What are the Gyroscopic Instruments?

A
  1. Attitude Indicator
  2. Heading Indicator
  3. Turn Coordinator
43
Q

What is Rigidity in Space?

A

Heavily weighted rim spun rapidly tends to remain fixed in the plane which it is spinning.

44
Q

What is Precession?

A

When an outside force tries to tilt a spinning gyro, the gyro responds as if the force has been applied at 90° in the direction of rotation.

45
Q

How does the Attitude Indicator (AI) work?

A

Runs off of Rigidity in Space. Gives direct indication of the airplane’s pitch and bank.

46
Q

What is the Pre-Flight Check for Attitude Indicator?

A

Up and erect after 5 minutes & no more than 5° on taxi turns.

47
Q

What are the errors associated with Attitude Indicators?

A
  1. After 180° turn it will result in less than 1 bar width of pitch.
  2. Acceleration Error: Will result in pitch up attitude, indicating a climb.
  3. Deceleration Error: Will result in pitch down attitude, indicating descent.
  4. Attitude Indicator will tumble beyond 60° pitch up/down or beyond 100° of bank.
48
Q

How does the Heading Indicator (HI) work?

A

Runs off Rigidity in Space. Primary source of indication.

49
Q

What causes the Heading Indicator to drift?

A

Drifts off due to precession & friction.

50
Q

What is the Pre-Flight Check for Heading Indicator?

A

Align with magnetic compass & showing correct headings. No more than 3° change every 15 minutes.

51
Q

What is the Turn Coordinator?

A

Runs off precession. Shows your rate of turn & rate of growth.

52
Q

What does the Turn Coordinator allow you to establish?

A

Standard Rate turns @ 3° per second.

53
Q

What does the ball inclinometer indicate?

A

Tells you if the turn is coordinated.

54
Q

What are Slips and Skids?

A

Slips: The angle of bank is too great for the rate of turn.
Skids: The rate of turn is too great for angle of bank.

55
Q

What is the AHRS?

A

Includes Attitude Indicator, Heading Indicator, Turn Coordinator. Replaces the need for vacuum systems and gyroscopes.

56
Q

What is the function of the Magnetometer in AHRS?

A

Functions as magnetic compass without the errors. It will automatically seek magnetic North.

57
Q

What does the Glass Cockpit consist of?

A

Made up of AHRS and ADC.

58
Q

What is the ADC?

A

Air Data Computer - Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter, Vertical Speed Indicator.

59
Q

What is the PFD?

A

Primary Flight Display - Primary Instruments condensed to one area to simplify scan.

60
Q

What is the MFD?

A

Multi-Function Display - Info such as Maps, Charts, & Gauges.

IFR Brush Ups (5 decks)

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