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IFR Brush Ups > Navigation > Flashcards

Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

What is a VOR?

A

Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range (VOR) provides radials in all directions and is identified using Morse code.

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2
Q

What is the frequency range for VORs?

A

108 to 117.95 MHz.

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3
Q

What are the limitations of VOR?

A

Limited to line of sight with a cone of confusion within 1 mile.

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4
Q

What equipment is required for VOR operation?

A

Must have an antenna, receiver, and indicator (CDI).

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5
Q

What must be aligned for VOR use?

A

The OBS (Omni-Bearing Selector) must be aligned.

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6
Q

What does VOR reference?

A

Reference to magnetic North.

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7
Q

What is the LightHouse effect in VOR?

A

VORs send two signals: a rotating signal that does 30 revolutions per second and an omni-directional signal that pulses 30 times a second.

In simple terms: The Lighthouse effect happens when you’re too close to the VOR, and the signal gets all fuzzy and hard to read, just like being right next to a bright lighthouse.

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8
Q

What is the VOR Check procedure?

A

VOR Checks are outlined in 91.171 and include +/- 4° error tolerance.

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9
Q

What is a VOT?

A

VOR Test Facility (VOTS) provides a radial check, found in chart supplement.

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10
Q

What is the error tolerance for VOR Ground Checkpoint?

A

+/- 4°.

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11
Q

What is the error tolerance for VOR Airborne Checkpoint?

A

+/- 6°.

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12
Q

What is a Dual VOR Check?

A

Using two VORs against each other with an error tolerance within 4°.

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13
Q

What does DEPS stand for in VOR Check Signoff?

A

D - Date, E - Error, P - Place, S - Signature.

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14
Q

What is DME?

A

Distance Measuring Equipment, typically paired with VORs, measures slant range.

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15
Q

What is the minimum reading for DME?

A

DME will never read 0; when above the station, it will read 6000.

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16
Q

What is the function of the CDI?

A

Course Deviation Indicator tells you how far off course you are.

17
Q

What does each dot on the CDI represent?

A

Each dot is 2°.

18
Q

What is the full scale deflection on the CDI?

A

Full scale is 10°.

19
Q

What is the HSI?

A

Horizontal Situational Indicator combines heading indicator and CDI with NAV system.

20
Q

What is Reverse Sensing?

A

Occurs when you’re flying reciprocal of the intended course.

21
Q

What is an NDB?

A

Non-Directional Beacon, ground-based receiver always paired with ADF.

22
Q

What does ADF do?

A

Automatically and continuously displays the relative bearing from the aircraft to the station.

23
Q

What is the frequency range for ADF?

A

Operates off low AM frequency.

24
Q

What is Homing in navigation?

A

Not using any wind correction, only following the needle.

25
Q

What is Tracking in navigation?

A

Using wind correction to stay on course.

26
Q

What is GPS?

A

Global Positioning System with a minimum of 24 aviation satellites orbiting at 10,900 NM above Earth.

27
Q

What is RAIM?

A

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring, requires a minimum of 5 satellites for integrity monitoring.

28
Q

What is WAAS?

A

Wide Area Augmentation System, requires a minimum of 6 satellites and improves GPS accuracy.

29
Q

What are the components of ILS?

A

Glideslope, Localizer, Approach Lighting System, Marker Beacons (GLAM).

30
Q

What does the Glideslope provide?

A

Vertical guidance, typically operates between 2.5° to 3.5° slope.

31
Q

What does the Localizer provide?

A

Lateral guidance, located on the departure end of the runway.

32
Q

What is the coverage range for Localizer?

A

35° to each side of centerline for 10nm.

33
Q

What is the purpose of ALS?

A

Helps transition between Instrument to visual approach.

34
Q

What is the range for Precision Approach Lighting System?

A

Lighting starts 2400 to 3000 ft from the runway.

35
Q

What is the range for Non-Precision Approach Lighting System?

A

Lighting starts 1400 to 1500 ft from the runway.

IFR Brush Ups (5 decks)

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