Untitled Deck Flashcards
What event marked the beginning of English dominance at sea?
The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 established England as a rising world power.
What led Henry VIII to break from the Catholic Church?
Henry VIII’s desire for a male heir and the Pope’s refusal to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon led to the establishment of the Church of England.
Why did Elizabeth I choose not to marry?
Elizabeth I believed marriage would give her husband power, threatening her rule and potentially dividing her kingdom.
What motivated English citizens to migrate to America?
Economic hardship, religious persecution, and the promise of land and a better life motivated English citizens to seek opportunities in America.
What was the first English colony and what happened to it?
Roanoke was the first English colony, established in 1585, but it mysteriously disappeared by 1590.
What was the first successful English colony in America?
Jamestown, established in 1607, was the first successful English colony due to its strategic location and tobacco cultivation.
What was the primary motivation for establishing Plymouth?
Plymouth was created for religious freedom, while Jamestown was primarily established for economic gain.
What cash crop made Jamestown successful?
Tobacco became the highly profitable cash crop that made Jamestown successful.
What was indentured servitude?
Indentured servitude was a system where individuals worked for a number of years in exchange for passage to America, food, and shelter.
When did slavery begin in the American colonies?
Slavery began in the American colonies in 1619 when a ship brought African slaves to Jamestown.
What was the significance of Bacon’s Rebellion?
Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 highlighted the instability of relying on indentured servitude, leading to an increase in African slavery.
What were joint-stock companies?
Joint-stock companies were groups of businessmen who pooled resources to fund the establishment and operation of colonies.
Why was Georgia founded?
Georgia was founded to shelter and reform debtors and criminals, providing a second chance for those imprisoned for unpaid debts.
What is mercantilism?
Mercantilism is an economic theory encouraging nations to accumulate wealth through trade surpluses and control of colonies.
What is a cash crop?
A cash crop is a crop grown for sale and profit rather than for personal consumption.
What were the Salem Witchcraft Trials?
The Salem Witchcraft Trials in 1692 resulted in the execution of 20 people and ended when spectral evidence was discredited.
What is spectral evidence?
Spectral evidence was used in the Salem trials to accuse individuals of witchcraft based on claims of their spirits appearing to others.
What is mass hysteria?
Mass hysteria is a collective, irrational fear that spreads quickly through a group, leading to false accusations and panic.
What are modern examples of mass hysteria?
Modern examples include panic over public health issues like COVID-19 and the spread of conspiracy theories.
Who was Massasoit?
Massasoit was the Wampanoag chief who helped the Pilgrims survive their first winter and participated in the first Thanksgiving.
What was the difference between Massasoit’s reign and Metacomet’s War?
Massasoit’s reign was mostly peaceful, while Metacomet (King Philip) led a violent resistance during King Philip’s War.
What was the significance of John Peter Zenger’s trial?
Zenger’s trial in 1735 set a precedent for freedom of the press, arguing that truth should be a defense against libel.
Why did colonists use Irish labor instead of enslaved Africans?
Colonists sometimes used Irishmen as cheaper labor compared to enslaved Africans.
What is salutary neglect?
Salutary neglect refers to the British policy of loosely enforcing regulations in the American colonies.
What role did beaver pelts play in the French & Indian War?
The demand for beaver pelts in Europe contributed to the French & Indian War as both France and Britain sought control over fur trading regions.
What region was contested in the French & Indian War?
The Ohio River Valley was contested due to its population of fur-bearing animals.
What was the French & Indian War part of?
The French & Indian War was part of a larger series of conflicts known as the Seven Years’ War.
What does Status Quo Antebellum mean?
Status Quo Antebellum means restoring the situation to how it was before the conflict.
What was the Albany Plan?
The Albany Plan was a proposal for a unified colonial government to coordinate defense, conceived by Benjamin Franklin.
What was William Pitt’s contribution during the French & Indian War?
William Pitt increased military spending and focused on defeating France, leading to British victory.
What was the Treaty of Easton?
The Treaty of Easton (1763) ended hostilities between Britain and several Native American tribes after the French & Indian War.
What was Comte de Frontenac’s ‘La Petite Guerre’?
La Petite Guerre involved guerrilla warfare tactics used by French forces and Native American allies.
How did the French & Indian War affect colonists?
The war provided military experience but strained relations with England, leading to colonists’ anger over British treatment.
What were colonists’ feelings about representation in English government?
Colonists felt they were unfairly taxed and governed without adequate representation in Parliament.
What is virtual representation?
Virtual representation was the British argument that Parliament represented all British subjects, including colonists.
What is the difference between internal and external taxes?
Internal taxes are placed on goods within the colonies, while external taxes are placed on imports from outside the colonies.
What were British and American views on Writs of Assistance?
The British viewed writs of assistance as necessary for controlling smuggling, while colonists saw them as violations of rights.
What were the Quartering Acts?
The Quartering Acts required colonists to house and supply British soldiers, contributing to resentment towards Britain.
What is the chronological order of key events leading to the American Revolution?
- Salutary Neglect 2. French & Indian War 3. Proclamation of 1763 4. Sugar Act of 1764 5. Stamp Act of 1765 6. Declaratory Act of 1766 7. Townshend Acts of 1767 8. Boston Massacre (1770) 9. Tea Act of 1773 10. Boston Tea Party (1773) 11. The Coercive Acts (1774)
Who were some leaders of colonial resistance?
Prominent leaders included Samuel Adams, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Paul Revere.
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
The Olive Branch Petition was sent to King George III in 1775, asking for peace and resolution to the conflict.
How did King George III respond to the Olive Branch Petition?
King George III declared the colonies in rebellion and refused to negotiate.
What were some colonial protests against English policies?
Colonists protested through boycotts, tarring and feathering, and hanging in effigy.
What was the Boston Massacre?
The Boston Massacre in 1770 involved British soldiers killing five colonists, which fueled anti-British sentiment.
What actions did the 2nd Continental Congress take?
The 2nd Continental Congress created the Continental Army, appointed George Washington as commander, and issued the Declaration of Independence.
How did Thomas Paine inspire rebels?
Thomas Paine inspired rebels with writings like Common Sense and The Crisis.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and why was it needed?
The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson to formally declare independence from Britain.
Why is the American Revolution considered a world war and a civil war?
It involved multiple nations supporting America against Britain and divided colonists into Patriots and Loyalists.
What were the advantages of the Americans and British in the war?
American advantages included home-field advantage and foreign aid, while British advantages included a professional army and greater resources.
