Untitled Deck Flashcards
What major historical event happened in 1588 that signaled a change in the beginning of the English overtaking the Spanish as a world power?
The defeat of the Spanish Armada.
How did Henry VIII’s struggles to have a son lead to the Protestant Reformation in England?
He wanted to divorce his wife because she was not producing sons, but the Catholic Church would not let him, so he broke free from the church and started a new one called the Church of England.
What political reason caused Elizabeth I to not get married?
She did not want another man from another country to take over England and wanted to keep her position as monarch.
What were some of the reasons that caused the English citizens to want to go to America?
Economic opportunities, religious freedom, and a new start.
What was the first English colony? Why did it disappear? What was the first successful English colony?
Roanoke was the first English colony but it mysteriously disappeared, likely due to disease. Plymouth was the first successful colony.
How was Plymouth’s creation different than Jamestown’s?
Plymouth was founded on the idea of religious freedom, whereas Jamestown was founded for economic opportunity.
What cash crop made Jamestown successful?
Tobacco.
What was indentured servitude?
A servitude that does not last your whole lifetime, and at the end, you get a pathway to becoming a citizen.
What year did slavery begin in the American colonies?
1619.
How did Bacon’s Rebellion lead to a rise in African slavery?
After the rise with slaves, colonists were afraid their servants would leave, so they changed the laws to ensure they would be stuck with them forever.
Explain how groups of businessmen financed colonies with joint stock companies.
The companies endorsed each other, making sure everyone did well so they could all profit.
What type of criminal was Georgia founded to shelter and reform?
Debtors were sent to Georgia, and they were meant to work off their debt.
What was a cash crop?
A crop meant to be sold for commercial value, not meant to be used for food or to survive.
What were the basic facts of the Salem Witchcraft Trials?
The trials started in the late 1600s, led by the girls who began to accuse others, and ended when someone accused the governor’s wife, which he did not believe, leading to the girls confessing.
Explain how spectral evidence was used in the Salem trials.
Spectral evidence is when you accuse someone’s specter of attacking you.
What is mass hysteria? How did it affect the Salem Witchcraft trials?
Mass hysteria is a phenomenon where a group of people exhibit similar symptoms or behaviors, which significantly influenced the accusations and outcomes of the Salem trials.
Who was Massasoit? What was his/his tribe’s role in the first New England Thanksgiving?
Massasoit was a leader of the Wampanoag tribe, and his tribe played a crucial role in the first Thanksgiving by helping the Pilgrims survive.
How did the colonies change from Massasoit’s reign to that of his son, Metacomet?
The colonies became more aggressive in their expansion, leading to increased tensions and conflicts.
What was historically unique about Metacomet’s (King Philip’s) War?
It was one of the first major conflicts between Native Americans and English settlers, marking a significant turning point in colonial expansion.
How did John Peter Zenger’s trial influence the First Amendment?
His lawyer argued for freedom of the press, and jury nullification played a key role in the trial’s outcome, influencing future interpretations of the First Amendment.
Why would colonists use an Irishman in place of an enslaved person?
Irishmen were often seen as a cheaper labor alternative, especially in the early colonial period.
Explain what Salutary Neglect means. Why did it end?
Salutary neglect was when the English neglected the colonies during a time of war; it ended when England wanted tax money, but America would not give it to them because they believed they paid with their blood.
What animal’s pelt helped to cause the French & Indian War?
Beaver pelt.
How was the French & Indian War actually the end of a longer series of conflicts between England and France?
It was part of a larger struggle for dominance in North America, known as the Seven Years’ War.
What did Status Quo Antebellum mean? Why were the colonists frustrated about its use in treaties?
It means the state of things as they were before the war; colonists were frustrated because it did not address their grievances.
What was the Albany Plan? Who thought of it?
The Albany Plan was an early proposal to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, thought of by Benjamin Franklin.
What famous political cartoon represented the Albany Plan?
Join, or Die.
How did William Pitt’s leadership help Britain to win the war?
Pitt’s strategies and focus on winning the war in North America led to significant British victories.
Explain the Treaty of Easton and its connection to the Proclamation of 1763.
The Treaty of Easton was an agreement between the British and Native Americans, which influenced the Proclamation of 1763 that restricted colonial expansion westward.
What was Comte de Frontenac’s ‘La Petite Guerre’?
It referred to guerrilla warfare tactics used by the French during the French & Indian War.
How did the French & Indian War help the colonists?
It united them against a common enemy, but it also strained their relationship with England due to increased taxes and restrictions.
How did the Americans feel about their representation within the English government?
They felt underrepresented and believed they should have a voice in the decisions affecting them.
Explain what virtual representation was.
It was a British response to American complaints, claiming that the colonists were represented in Parliament through their interests.
What is the difference between an internal and an external tax?
Internal taxes are levied on goods within the colonies, while external taxes are imposed on goods imported from abroad.
How did the British and Americans each feel about Writs of Assistance & Vice-Admiralty Courts?
Americans viewed them as violations of their rights, while the British saw them as necessary for enforcing trade laws.
Explain the Quartering Acts.
The Quartering Acts required colonial assemblies to provide housing and supplies for British troops stationed in America.
Chronological Order of key events leading to the American Revolution.
Salutary Neglect, French & Indian War, Proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act of 1764, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, Tea Act of 1773, Boston Tea Party, The Coercive Act.
Know of leaders of colonial resistance.
Sam Adams, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Paul Revere, etc.
Know what the Continental Congress’s Olive Branch Petition was.
It was a final attempt to avoid war with Britain, but King George III rejected it.
Know of the different ways the colonists protested the English.
Boycotts, tarring & feathering, hanging in effigy.
What truly happened at the Boston Massacre?
It was a confrontation where British soldiers killed five colonists; both John Adams and Samuel Adams were involved in the aftermath.
What were some of the actions that the 2nd Continental Congress did?
Created the Continental Army, selected Washington as their General, ran the war, and negotiated the peace.
