unit 5/6 Flashcards
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Why was the election of 1800 also called the “Revolution of 1800”?
The election of 1800 is called the “Revolution of 1800” because it marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in U.S. history. Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, defeated incumbent John Adams, a Federalist, signaling a shift in political control from Federalism to a more agrarian and state-rights-focused government.
Tell of Marbury v. Madison and judicial review
In Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, established judicial review — the principle that the Supreme Court has the authority to declare acts of Congress and the executive branch unconstitutional, thus ensuring the judiciary’s role in checking the power of the other branches of government.
Explain how the battle of New Orleans happened after the Treaty of Ghent had been signed.
The Battle of New Orleans (1815) took place after the Treaty of Ghent had been signed in December 1814, which officially ended the War of 1812. However, due to slow communication, the news of the treaty had not reached the American forces in New Orleans in time. General Andrew Jackson’s forces defeated the British in the battle, which gave the U.S. a strong sense of victory, though it technically had no impact on the treaty term
Tell of the Barbary Pirates and how defeating them benefited the U.S.
The Barbary Pirates were groups of North African pirates who demanded tribute from countries to avoid attacks on their ships. Jefferson refused to pay them and led a naval expedition that defeated the pirates. This victory established U.S. naval power and ended the tribute system, signaling the country’s growing assertiveness in international affairs.
Tell of the Louisiana Purchase: Why was it sold? Whose revolution helped play a role in our being in a position to buy it? What did it include? How did Jefferson feel (constitutionally) about it?
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was the acquisition of land from France, which doubled the size of the U.S. The land was sold by France to raise funds for Napoleon’s wars in Europe. The Haitian Revolution (led by Toussaint L’Ouverture) led to France losing control of the territory of Haiti, weakening France’s presence in the Western Hemisphere. The purchase included land west of the Mississippi River, stretching to the Rocky Mountains.
Jefferson’s constitutional concern: Although Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution, he felt the need to act for the nation’s benefit and justified the purchase as a treaty power, even though the Constitution did not explicitly authorize it.
ell how Lucky Luciano helped us in WWII
Lucky Luciano, a notorious mobster, helped the U.S. during WWII by cooperating with the government to ensure the safety of American shipping routes in the Mediterranean. His connections with the Italian underworld allowed the U.S. to secure critical ports, undermining Axis powers and helping with strategic operations like the Allied invasion of Sicily.
Tell of the Monroe Doctrine – what did it say, who actually wrote it, and who originally enforced it?
The Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European powers against interfering in the Western Hemisphere, asserting that any attempt to colonize or interfere in the Americas would be viewed as an act of aggression toward the U.S.
It was written by John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State, and was enforced by the United States, with military power largely relying on the British navy, as they had shared interests in preventing European expansion.
What happened in the election of 1824? Know the term “The Corrupt Bargain”
n the election of 1824, none of the candidates secured a majority in the Electoral College, leading the decision to go to the House of Representatives. John Quincy Adams was elected president after a deal with Henry Clay, who was Speaker of the House, to support Adams in exchange for becoming Secretary of State. Jackson and his supporters called this deal the “Corrupt Bargain” because they believed it was an unfair manipulation of the election process.
Talk of Jackson’s Indian policy (How did he view the Indians, both personally and as president?)
Jackson viewed Native Americans as obstacles to U.S. expansion and believed they should be moved westward to make room for settlers. As president, he signed the Indian Removal Act (1830), which led to the forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans, notably the Cherokee along the Trail of Tears.
Talk of the Nullification crisis. How did Jefferson play a role in this?
The Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) was a conflict between South Carolina and the federal government over tariffs. South Carolina declared that it could nullify (ignore) federal laws it deemed unconstitutional.
Jefferson’s role: In 1798, Jefferson had written the Kentucky Resolutions, arguing that states had the right to nullify federal laws. His ideas influenced the doctrine of nullification, though by 1832, President Jackson firmly opposed it, leading to a showdown with South Carolina.
What Supreme Court case ruled in the Cherokees’ favor?
The Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia (1832) ruled in favor of the Cherokee, affirming their sovereignty and stating that Georgia’s laws did not apply to them. However, President Jackson ignored the ruling and proceeded with the removal of the Cherokee.
What was William Henry Harrison’s one claim to fame according to his campaign slogan
“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too,” referred to his military victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) against Native American forces led by Tecumseh’s confederacy. This battle became a key part of his appeal in the election of 1840.
