unit 1 Flashcards
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What major historical event happened in 1588 that signaled a change in the beginning of the English overtaking the Spanish as a world power?
spanish armada
Henry VIII’s struggles and the Protestant Reformation
Henry VIII’s desire for a male heir, coupled with his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and her inability to produce a son, led to his break from the Catholic Church. In seeking an annulment, which the Pope refused, Henry established the Church of England, triggering the Protestant Reformation in England.
Elizabeth I and marriage
: Elizabeth I chose not to marry due to political reasons. She believed that marriage would give her husband power, potentially threatening her rule. Marrying would also risk dividing her kingdom along religious or political lines, as suitors often came with political agendas.
Reasons for English citizens wanting to go to America
English citizens were motivated to seek opportunities in America due to economic hardship, religious persecution, and the promise of land and a better life. The opportunity for wealth from resources like tobacco and furs also encouraged migration.
First English colony and disappearance:
roankok
First successful English colony:
jamestown
Plymouth vs. Jamestown:
plymoth- religous
james-money
Jamestown’s cash crop
tabac
comercial
Indentured servitude
Indentured servitude was a system where individuals worked for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America, food, and shelter. After their service, they were granted land or other compensation.
slavery began
1619
Bacon’s Rebellion and African slavery:
Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676, which involved poor colonists rebelling against the colonial government, highlighted the instability of relying on indentured servitude. In response, the colonies increasingly turned to African slavery as a more permanent and controlled labor force.
Joint-stock companies and colonial financing
Joint-stock companies were groups of businessmen who pooled their resources to fund the establishment and operation of colonies. Investors shared in the profits and risks, making colonization more financially viable.
Georgia’s founding:
debtors
Mercantilism
Mercantilism was an economic theory that encouraged nations to accumulate wealth through trade surpluses and control of colonies, which were viewed as sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods. Colonies were expected to enrich the mother country.
Salem Witchcraft Trials:
The Salem Witchcraft Trials took place in 1692. Led by Reverend Samuel Parris and other church leaders, the trials resulted in the execution of 20 people. The trials ended when the court’s use of spectral evidence (testimony that accused witches’ spirits had appeared to victims) was discredited.
Mass hysteria
parelles
ass hysteria is a collective, irrational fear that spreads quickly through a group. In Salem, it led to false accusations and widespread panic, with entire communities turning against each other.
Parallels of mass hysteria today: Modern examples of mass hysteria include panic over public health issues like the COVID-19 pandemic, the spread of conspiracy theories, and media-fueled fears that lead to societal division or irrational behavior.
Massasoit and the first Thanksgiving
Massasoit was the Wampanoag chief who helped the Pilgrims survive their first winter. He and his people participated in the first Thanksgiving in 1621, which was a feast celebrating the successful harvest.
Massasoit’s reign vs. Metacomet’s (King Philip’s) War
mass- peace
meta/king p-not peace
John Peter Zenger’s trial and the First Amendmen
ohn Peter Zenger was put on trial for libel in 1735 after publishing criticisms of the New York governor. His lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, argued that truth should be a defense against libel charges. The jury acquitted Zenger, setting a precedent for freedom of the press, which influenced the development of the First Amendment.
Using an Irishman instead of an enslaved person
were cheap
