unit 1 Flashcards
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What major historical event happened in 1588 that signaled a change in the beginning of the English overtaking the Spanish as a world power?
spanish armada
Henry VIII’s struggles and the Protestant Reformation
Henry VIII’s desire for a male heir, coupled with his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and her inability to produce a son, led to his break from the Catholic Church. In seeking an annulment, which the Pope refused, Henry established the Church of England, triggering the Protestant Reformation in England.
Elizabeth I and marriage
: Elizabeth I chose not to marry due to political reasons. She believed that marriage would give her husband power, potentially threatening her rule. Marrying would also risk dividing her kingdom along religious or political lines, as suitors often came with political agendas.
Reasons for English citizens wanting to go to America
English citizens were motivated to seek opportunities in America due to economic hardship, religious persecution, and the promise of land and a better life. The opportunity for wealth from resources like tobacco and furs also encouraged migration.
First English colony and disappearance:
roankok
First successful English colony:
jamestown
Plymouth vs. Jamestown:
plymoth- religous
james-money
Jamestown’s cash crop
tabac
comercial
Indentured servitude
Indentured servitude was a system where individuals worked for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America, food, and shelter. After their service, they were granted land or other compensation.
slavery began
1619
Bacon’s Rebellion and African slavery:
Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676, which involved poor colonists rebelling against the colonial government, highlighted the instability of relying on indentured servitude. In response, the colonies increasingly turned to African slavery as a more permanent and controlled labor force.
Joint-stock companies and colonial financing
Joint-stock companies were groups of businessmen who pooled their resources to fund the establishment and operation of colonies. Investors shared in the profits and risks, making colonization more financially viable.
Georgia’s founding:
debtors
Mercantilism
Mercantilism was an economic theory that encouraged nations to accumulate wealth through trade surpluses and control of colonies, which were viewed as sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods. Colonies were expected to enrich the mother country.
Salem Witchcraft Trials:
The Salem Witchcraft Trials took place in 1692. Led by Reverend Samuel Parris and other church leaders, the trials resulted in the execution of 20 people. The trials ended when the court’s use of spectral evidence (testimony that accused witches’ spirits had appeared to victims) was discredited.
