2ab Flashcards
Explain what Salutary Neglect means
alutary Neglect refers to the British policy of loosely enforcing regulations and laws in the American colonies, allowing them to govern themselves to an extent. It ended because the British government needed to recoup financial losses from the French & Indian War and began tightening control over the colonies through taxation and enforcement of trade laws.
Animal’s pelt causing the French & Indian War
beaver pelt
Region causing the French & Indian War
the ohio river valley
French & Indian War as the end of a longer conflict:
The French & Indian War was part of a larger series of conflicts between England and France, known as the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) globally. The British referred to it as the French and Indian War in North America, as it involved fighting between British colonists and French forces, with Native American allies on both sides.
Status Quo Antebellum
Status Quo Antebellum means restoring the situation to how it was before the conflict. Colonists were frustrated with its use in treaties, as it meant that territorial gains made during the French & Indian War were not always honored, especially in peace agreements like the Treaty of Paris (1763).
Albany Plan
he Albany Plan was a proposal for a unified colonial government to coordinate defense and other issues, conceived by Benjamin Franklin in 1754. It was represented by Franklin’s famous political cartoon, “Join, or Die,” which depicted a segmented snake representing the colonies.
William Pitt’s leadership:
William Pitt’s leadership during the French & Indian War helped Britain by increasing military spending, sending more troops, and focusing on defeating France. His strategy of winning decisive battles, such as the Battle of Quebec, helped secure British victory.
Treaty of Easton and Proclamation of 1763:
The Treaty of Easton (1763) was an agreement between Britain and several Native American tribes that ended hostilities after the French & Indian War. The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by the British to prevent colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains, partly in response to Native American resistance after the war.
Comte de Frontenac’s “La Petite Guerre”
guerilla warfare) rather than fighting it was burning resources and such indirect warfare
French & Indian War’s effect on the colonists:
he French & Indian War benefited the colonists by providing them with military experience, but it strained their relationship with England. Colonists were angered by the British failure to properly treat them, particularly after General Braddock’s defeat, witnessed by George Washington, which highlighted British incompetence.
Colonists’ feelings about representation in English government:
olonists felt they were being unfairly taxed and governed without adequate representation in Parliament, leading to growing discontent.
Internal vs. External tax:
An internal tax was a tax placed on goods within the colonies (e.g., the Stamp Act), while an external tax was placed on imports from outside the colonies (e.g., the Sugar Act).
British and American views on Writs of Assistance & Vice-Admiralty Courts:
The British saw writs of assistance (search warrants) and vice-admiralty courts (courts without juries for enforcing trade laws) as necessary to control smuggling and enforce colonial laws. Colonists, however, viewed them as violations of their rights, leading to protests.
the quaterring acts
The Quartering Acts required colonists to house and supply British soldiers stationed in America. This was seen as an infringement on personal rights and contributed to growing resentment towards Britan
Chronological Order
Salutary Neglect
French & Indian War
Proclamation of 1763
Sugar Act of 1764 tax on all sugar product malose
Stamp Act tax on everything that had staps
Declaratory Act
Townshend Acts
Boston Massacre
Tea Act of 1773
Boston Tea Party
The Coercive Act
Know of leaders of colonial resistance
Samuel Adams, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Paul Revere,
live Branch Petition and King George III’s response
The Continental Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III in 1775, asking for peace and a resolution to the conflict. King George III responded by declaring the colonies in rebellion and refusing to negotiate, leading to the escalation of the Revolutionary War.
Know of the different ways the colonists protested the English
boycotts (refusing to buy British goods), tarring and feathering (a form of public humiliation), and hanging in effigy (mocking or threatening British officials).
What truly happened at the Boston Massacre? How were both of the Adams involved?
The Boston Massacre occurred in 1770, when British soldiers opened fire on a crowd of colonists, killing five. John Adams, who defended the soldiers in court, argued that the soldiers acted in self-defense. Samuel Adams used the event as propaganda to rally anti-British sentiment, portraying it as a massacre to further fuel colonial resistance.
What were some of the actions that the 2nd Continental Congress did?
Created the Continental Army, selected Washington as their General, ran the war, and negotiated the peace.
How did Thomas Paine inspire the rebels?
Wrote “Common Sense” & “The Crisis”
Talk of the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was written primarily by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. It was needed to formally declare the colonies’ independence from Britain and explain the reasons for the decision, including the violation of colonial rights by the British government.
broitsvs am advantage
American advantages: Home-field advantage, motivated and resilient soldiers, knowledge of the land, foreign aid from France, Spain, and Holland.
British advantages: A well-trained, professional army, a powerful navy, greater resources, and support from loyalists and Native American tribes.
who were the three major foreign countries that came to America’s aid in terms of national support
spain france holland
Phyric
war of atrittion
hubris
Pyrrhic Victory: A victory that comes at such a great cost to the victor that it is nearly equivalent to defeat. It highlights the unsustainable nature of such triumphs.
War of Attrition: A strategy where one side attempts to wear down the other by constant attacks and pressure, rather than through decisive battles.
Hubris: Excessive pride or arrogance, often leading to downfall. In the context of the revolution, British hubris was seen in their underestimation of American resolve and their mismanagement of the war.
Know the significance of the following battles of the Revolutionary War:
Lexington & Concord - (the British were trying to capture Sam Adams, John Hancock, and guns/gunpowder)
Battle of Bunker Hill
Battle of Trenton
Battle of Saratoga convinced France to ally with us
Battle of Yorktown Last battle won war
Lexington & Concord: The first battles of the American Revolution, where British troops tried to seize arms and arrest Patriot leaders like Samuel Adams and John Hancock. The battles marked the beginning of armed conflict between Britain and the colonies.
Battle of Bunker Hill: A costly British victory that proved the colonists could stand up to the British army. It was one of the first major battles of the war.
Battle of Trenton: A pivotal victory for the Continental Army on December 26, 1776, where Washington crossed the Delaware River and surprised the Hessian forces, boosting American morale.
Battle of Saratoga: A turning point in the war, where the American victory convinced France to formally ally with the colonies, providing crucial military and financial support.
Battle of Yorktown: The final major battle of the American Revolution, where British General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington’s forces, effectively ending the war.
hat treaty ended the war? What were its 3 most important points?
Recognized the 13 colonies as free and sovereign States, Establishing the boundaries between the United States and British North America, Great Britain, and the United States were each to be given perpetual access to the Mississippi River
