Untitled Deck Flashcards
What is a nevus?
A mole or cluster of melanocytes from the embryonic neural crest, common in the vulva.
How do benign nevi appear on examination?
Flat, elevated, or pedunculated with sharp borders, even color, and symmetric shape.
What is the most common malignancy transformation of a nevus in the vulva?
Melanoma.
What is the ABCD rule for melanoma?
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm.
What is the treatment for a dysplastic nevus in the vulva?
Excision with a 0.5–1 cm margin.
What is the most common solid tumor of the vulva?
Fibroma.
How does a vulvar fibroma typically present?
A slow-growing, solid mass, usually 1–10 cm, most commonly in the labia majora.
What is the management of a vulvar hematoma <10 cm?
Conservative treatment with compression and ice packs.
What is the treatment for vulvar hematomas >10 cm or expanding?
Surgical evacuation and identification of the bleeding vessel.
What are common causes of vulvar pruritus?
STI, vulvar dystrophy, lichen sclerosis, contact dermatitis, and diabetes.
What is the most common cause of vaginal trauma?
Coitus.
What is the management of a vaginal laceration due to coital trauma?
Suturing under anesthesia and checking for injury to the urinary or GI tract.
What are common predisposing factors for vaginal trauma?
Virginity, postpartum state, menopause, and intercourse after prolonged absence.
What is the most common site for vaginal lacerations?
The transverse tear of the posterior fornix.
How is vaginismus defined?
Painful coitus due to involuntary vaginal muscle contractions.
What is the management for straddle injuries in children?
Conservative treatment and ruling out abuse.
How is vaginal stenosis typically diagnosed?
Inability to pass a 1–2 mm dilator and ultrasound findings.
What are the symptoms of congenital imperforate hymen?
Primary amenorrhea, cyclic abdominal pain, and hematometra.
What diagnostic tool is preferred for hematometra?
Ultrasound.
What is the treatment for hematometra caused by imperforate hymen?
Surgical incision and drainage.
What is a cervical myoma?
A leiomyoma arising from the cervix, causing symptoms like dysuria and dyspareunia.
What is the main risk factor for cervical stenosis?
Previous surgeries like LEEP or cryotherapy.
How does cervical stenosis present in premenopausal women?
Dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and infertility.
What is the treatment for cervical stenosis?
Dilation under ultrasound guidance.