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Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the most common solid tumor of the vulva?
A

Fibroma (Dermatofibromas)

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2
Q
  1. What are the ABCD features of melanoma?
A

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm

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3
Q
  1. What is the treatment for fibroma?
A

Excision

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4
Q
  1. What is the usual cause of vulvar hematomas?
A

Blunt trauma or ruptured varicosities

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5
Q
  1. How are hematomas <10 cm managed?
A

Conservative treatment: compression and ice packs

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6
Q
  1. Name a common dermatologic disease causing pruritus in postmenopausal women.
A

Vulvar dystrophy

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7
Q
  1. What is the main treatment for contact dermatitis of the vulva?
A

Topical/systemic steroids, moisturizer, and avoidance of irritants

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8
Q
  1. What is the most common cause of vaginal local trauma?
A

Coitus

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9
Q
  1. Where are vaginal lacerations most commonly located?
A

Transverse tear of the posterior fornix

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10
Q
  1. What is the treatment for a vaginal laceration?
A

Suturing under anesthesia

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11
Q
  1. What are the most common sites of myomas?
A

Isthmus and corpus of the uterus

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12
Q
  1. What diagnostic test is used for cervical stenosis?
A

Ultrasound after dilation

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13
Q
  1. What is the treatment for endometrial polyps?
A

Hysteroscopy with dilation and curettage

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14
Q
  1. What is the most common symptom of endometrial polyps?
A

Abnormal bleeding

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15
Q
  1. What are the risk factors for leiomyoma?
A

Increasing age, obesity, early menarche, low parity, tamoxifen use

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16
Q
  1. What is the most common location for leiomyomas?
A

Corpus of the uterus

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17
Q
  1. What type of leiomyoma is most symptomatic?
A

Submucosal leiomyomas

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18
Q
  1. What is the standard treatment for adenomyosis?
A

Hysterectomy

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19
Q
  1. What is the most common benign tumor of the fallopian tubes?
A

Adenomatoid tumors

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20
Q
  1. What is the main symptom of ovarian torsion?
A

Acute severe abdominal pain

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21
Q
  1. What is the treatment for adnexal torsion?
A

Untwisting and cystectomy

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22
Q
  1. What is the most common ovarian cyst?
A

Follicular cysts

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23
Q
  1. What is the clinical triad of Halban’s syndrome?
A

Persistent corpus luteum cyst, unilateral pelvic pain, and a small adnexal mass

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24
Q
  1. What is the typical ultrasound finding of endometriomas?
A

Thick-walled cyst with homogenous echolucency

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25
Q
  1. What is the most common solid benign ovarian tumor?
A

Fibroma

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26
Q
  1. What syndrome involves an ovarian fibroma, ascites, and pleural effusion?
A

Meigs syndrome

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27
Q
  1. What is the diagnostic tool of choice for leiomyomas?
A

Ultrasound

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28
Q
  1. What is the most common degeneration seen in myomas?
A

Hyaline degeneration

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29
Q
  1. What is the first-line treatment for submucosal leiomyomas with abnormal bleeding?
A

Hysteroscopy

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30
Q
  1. What is the gold standard imaging technique for differentiating myomas from adenomyosis?
A

MRI

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31
Q
  1. What type of nevus has a high risk of turning into melanoma?
A

Dysplastic nevus

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32
Q
  1. What are the hallmark features of lichen simplex chronicus?
A

Leathery appearance, exaggerated skin markings, scaling

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33
Q
  1. What is the common management of pruritus from lichenification?
A

Improve hygiene, topical steroids, and moisturizers

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34
Q
  1. What condition is characterized by repeated itch-scratch cycles leading to thickened skin?
A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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35
Q
  1. How can one differentiate a nevus from melanoma?
A

Nevus is symmetric with even color and sharp borders, while melanoma is asymmetric with irregular borders and color variation.

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36
Q
  1. What condition results from blunt trauma to the vulva, such as during bicycling?
A

Vulvar hematoma

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37
Q
  1. What is the most common complication of straddle injuries in children?
A

Vulvar hematoma

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38
Q
  1. What is the typical size range of a vulvar fibroma?
A

1-10 cm, but may grow larger

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39
Q
  1. What condition presents with postcoital vaginal pain and transverse tears?
A

Vaginal trauma (e.g., laceration of the posterior fornix)

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40
Q
  1. What is the most common dermatologic problem of the vulva?
A

Pruritus

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41
Q
  1. What is a predisposing factor for postcoital lacerations in postmenopausal women?
A

Vaginal atrophy due to estrogen deficiency

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42
Q
  1. What is the most common symptom of cervical myomas?
A

Dysuria, urgency, or cervical obstruction

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43
Q
  1. Why does cervical stenosis lead to hematometra?
A

Obstruction of cervical outflow traps menstrual blood in the uterus.

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44
Q
  1. How does tamoxifen increase the risk of endometrial polyps?
A

It stimulates the endometrial lining, causing hyperplasia.

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45
Q
  1. What distinguishes a subserosal leiomyoma from a submucosal leiomyoma?
A

Subserosal leiomyomas grow outward and may cause “knobby uterus,” while submucosal leiomyomas distort the endometrial cavity.

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46
Q
  1. What imaging modality is used to confirm a prolapsed submucosal leiomyoma?
A

Hysteroscopy

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47
Q
  1. What type of degeneration in leiomyomas is associated with pregnancy?
A

Red (carneous) degeneration

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48
Q
  1. What percentage of leiomyomas have malignant potential?
A

0.3-0.7%

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49
Q
  1. What is the preferred treatment for adenomyosis in women desiring uterine preservation?
A

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or hormonal therapy

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50
Q
  1. What is the main distinguishing feature of adenomyosis on ultrasound?
A

Diffuse thickening of the myometrium with heterogenous texture

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51
Q
  1. What is the most common type of benign ovarian cyst in reproductive-age women?
A

Follicular cyst

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52
Q
  1. What is the classic triad of Meigs syndrome?
A

Ovarian fibroma, ascites, and pleural effusion

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53
Q
  1. Why are fallopian tube lesions such as hydatid cysts clinically significant?
A

They can cause torsion or mimic ovarian pathology.

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54
Q
  1. What is the most common torsion-related complication in adnexal masses?
A

Ovarian torsion

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55
Q
  1. What are the clinical features of a ruptured corpus luteum cyst?
A

Sudden lower abdominal pain, intraperitoneal bleeding, and timing around day 20-26 of the cycle

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56
Q
  1. What benign ovarian tumor may contain hair, teeth, or cartilage?
A

Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma)

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57
Q
  1. What percentage of benign ovarian dermoid cysts are bilateral?
58
Q
  1. What is the most common site for torsion in adnexal masses?
A

Right ovary

59
Q
  1. What is the treatment for large, symptomatic endometriomas?
A

Surgical removal (cystectomy)

60
Q
  1. What imaging modality is best for diagnosing ovarian torsion?
A

Doppler ultrasound

61
Q
  1. What is the most common vulvar malignancy in older women?
62
Q
  1. What is the treatment for dysplastic nevus with suspicious features?
A

Excision with 0.5-1 cm margins and biopsy

63
Q
  1. What is the main cause of vulvar pruritus in diabetic women?
A

Fungal infections

64
Q
  1. What vulvar condition is associated with menopause and presents as vulvar thinning?
A

Lichen sclerosis

65
Q
  1. What is the main diagnostic tool for vulvar hematomas >10 cm?
A

Pelvic ultrasound

66
Q
  1. What is the key feature of a nevus that requires biopsy?
A

Bleeding, pain, or ulceration

67
Q
  1. What type of uterine myoma most commonly causes infertility?
A

Submucosal myoma

68
Q
  1. What causes a pseudocapsule in uterine myomas?
A

Compression of adjacent myometrium by the tumor

69
Q
  1. What is the primary risk factor for adenomyosis?
A

Increased parity and uterine surgeries

70
Q
  1. What is the first-line diagnostic modality for endometrial polyps?
A

Transvaginal ultrasound

71
Q
  1. What is the standard imaging tool for suspected hematometra?
A

Ultrasound

72
Q
  1. How is hematometra secondary to an imperforate hymen treated?
A

Surgical incision of the hymen to release blood

73
Q
  1. What type of degeneration is the most acute form in leiomyomas?
A

Red (carneous) degeneration

74
Q
  1. What is the FIGO classification for a submucosal leiomyoma that is <50% intramural?
75
Q
  1. What minimally invasive procedure uses high-frequency ultrasound to treat leiomyomas?
A

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)

76
Q
  1. What is the treatment for fibromas causing Meigs syndrome?
A

Surgical removal of the fibroma

77
Q
  1. What ovarian lesion contains thyroid tissue as the primary component?
A

Struma ovarii

78
Q
  1. What ovarian lesion has the highest risk of torsion?
A

Dermoid cyst

79
Q
  1. What is the gold standard treatment for endometriosis-associated infertility?
A

Laparoscopic excision of endometriomas

80
Q
  1. What is the most common presentation of fallopian tube torsion?
A

Acute pelvic pain and adnexal mass

81
Q
  1. What is the most common benign neoplasm of the fallopian tube?
A

Adenomatoid tumor

82
Q
  1. How is a simple ovarian cyst in postmenopausal women managed?
A

Observation if <5 cm with normal CA-125 levels

83
Q
  1. What is the main complication of ruptured corpus luteum cysts?
A

Hemoperitoneum (intraperitoneal bleeding)

84
Q
  1. What is the origin of most high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas?
A

Fallopian tube fimbriae

85
Q
  1. What symptom distinguishes cervical stenosis in postmenopausal women?
A

Hematometra or hydrometra with no vaginal discharge

86
Q
  1. What condition involves small benign nodules along the surface of the fallopian tubes?
A

Paratubal cysts (hydatid cysts of Morgagni)

87
Q
  1. What type of cervical trauma is associated with mechanical dilation?
A

Laceration

88
Q
  1. What is the primary management for uterine artery embolization complications?
A

Supportive care or hysterectomy if severe

89
Q
  1. How do hormonal therapies like GnRH agonists treat leiomyomas?
A

They reduce estrogen and progesterone levels to shrink the myomas.

90
Q
  1. What clinical condition is characterized by the uterus being diffusely enlarged but not nodular?
A

Adenomyosis

91
Q
  1. What distinguishes a complex ovarian cyst from a simple cyst on ultrasound?
A

Presence of solid components, septations, or debris

92
Q
  1. What is the typical size of a mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)?
A

Can range up to 25 cm

93
Q
  1. What is the preferred imaging modality for adnexal masses?
A

Ultrasound with Doppler

94
Q
  1. What is the classic appearance of an endometrioma on ultrasound?
A

“Ground-glass” homogeneity inside the cyst

95
Q
  1. What diagnostic feature on MRI distinguishes adenomyosis from myomas?
A

Diffuse thickening of the myometrium without a pseudocapsule

96
Q
  1. What type of myoma can mimic ovarian tumors?
A

Broad ligament myomas

97
Q
  1. What is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in women aged 35-50?
A

Adenomyosis

98
Q
  1. What is the treatment for persistent abnormal bleeding caused by submucosal leiomyomas?
A

Hysteroscopic resection

99
Q
  1. What condition is associated with a triad of cyclic abdominal pain, amenorrhea, and an imperforate hymen?
A

Hematometra

100
Q
  1. What is the key imaging modality for diagnosing an imperforate hymen?
A

Pelvic ultrasound

101
Q
  1. What is the most common complication of benign cystic teratomas?
A

Ovarian torsion

102
Q
  1. What type of cyst results from a dominant follicle failing to rupture?
A

Follicular cyst

103
Q
  1. What benign ovarian tumor is associated with Rokitansky tubercles?
A

Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma)

104
Q
  1. What is the characteristic histological feature of endometrial polyps?
A

Endometrial glands, stroma, and a central vascular channel

105
Q
  1. What complication is associated with pedunculated submucosal leiomyomas?
A

Prolapse through the cervical canal

106
Q
  1. What causes a knobby appearance of the uterus on palpation?
A

Subserosal leiomyomas

107
Q
  1. What is the most common benign lesion found in hysterectomy specimens?
A

Adenomyosis

108
Q
  1. What are the primary symptoms of endometriosis?
A

Pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and infertility

109
Q
  1. What treatment reduces the blood supply to a leiomyoma?
A

Uterine artery embolization

110
Q
  1. What type of degeneration is seen in 65% of leiomyomas?
A

Hyaline degeneration

111
Q
  1. What is the most common site of leiomyoma development?
A

Intramural (myometrial wall)

112
Q
  1. What is a rare cause of benign ovarian masses in postmenopausal women?
113
Q
  1. What is the recommended imaging modality for differentiating between simple and complex ovarian cysts?
A

Transvaginal ultrasound

114
Q
  1. What diagnostic finding suggests hematocolpos secondary to an imperforate hymen?
A

Dilated vagina containing echogenic fluid on ultrasound

115
Q
  1. What is the main symptom of adnexal torsion?
A

Sudden-onset severe pelvic pain

116
Q
  1. What fallopian tube condition is associated with pregnancy and adnexal masses?
A

Fallopian tube torsion

117
Q
  1. What is the primary management for large paratubal cysts causing symptoms?
A

Surgical excision

118
Q
  1. What is the most common histologic subtype of ovarian fibromas?
A

Benign spindle cell tumor

119
Q
  1. What is the recommended treatment for symptomatic broad ligament myomas?
A

Myomectomy or hysterectomy if fertility is not desired

120
Q
  1. What imaging finding suggests adenomyosis?
A

Diffusely thickened myometrium with heterogeneity on ultrasound or MRI

121
Q
  1. What hormonal treatment can reduce adenomyosis symptoms?
A

Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)

122
Q
  1. What rare uterine condition involves smooth muscle proliferation into venous channels?
A

Intravenous leiomyomatosis

123
Q
  1. What is the clinical presentation of leiomyosarcoma?
A

Rapidly enlarging uterine mass in postmenopausal women

124
Q
  1. What type of leiomyoma arises from parasitic blood supply?
A

Parasitic myoma

125
Q
  1. What is the most common histopathologic feature of struma ovarii?
A

Predominantly thyroid tissue

126
Q
  1. What condition is indicated by the presence of pleural effusion, ascites, and a benign ovarian tumor?
A

Meigs syndrome

127
Q
  1. What is the most common degeneration seen in postmenopausal leiomyomas?
A

Calcific degeneration

128
Q
  1. What is the main symptom of subserosal leiomyomas?
A

Pelvic pressure or abdominal distension

129
Q
  1. What hormone drives the growth of most leiomyomas?
130
Q
  1. What is the recommended management for a young woman with small, asymptomatic follicular cysts?
A

Observation and follow-up ultrasound

131
Q
  1. What imaging modality is preferred for evaluating fallopian tube torsion?
A

Doppler ultrasound

132
Q
  1. What condition results from estrogen stimulation of ectopic endometrial tissue?
A

Endometriosis

133
Q
  1. What is the primary differential diagnosis for endometrial polyps?
A

Submucosal leiomyoma

134
Q
  1. What procedure is preferred for resecting prolapsed submucosal leiomyomas?
A

Hysteroscopic removal

135
Q
  1. What ovarian mass is associated with high CA-125 levels and thick septations on ultrasound?
A

Complex ovarian cyst or malignancy

136
Q
  1. What benign ovarian tumor may cause thyrotoxicosis?
A

Struma ovarii

137
Q
  1. What is the role of GnRH agonists in leiomyoma management?
A

Temporary reduction of myoma size by suppressing estrogen

138
Q
  1. What benign condition can mimic ovarian cancer due to peritoneal nodules?
A

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata

139
Q
  1. What condition causes blood accumulation in the uterus due to lower tract obstruction?
A

Hematometra

140
Q
  1. What condition often coexists with endometrial polyps in tamoxifen users?
A

Polypoid hyperplasia

OB2 (29 decks)

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