Untitled Deck Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the most common solid tumor of the vulva?
A
Fibroma (Dermatofibromas)
2
Q
- What are the ABCD features of melanoma?
A
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm
3
Q
- What is the treatment for fibroma?
A
Excision
4
Q
- What is the usual cause of vulvar hematomas?
A
Blunt trauma or ruptured varicosities
5
Q
- How are hematomas <10 cm managed?
A
Conservative treatment: compression and ice packs
6
Q
- Name a common dermatologic disease causing pruritus in postmenopausal women.
A
Vulvar dystrophy
7
Q
- What is the main treatment for contact dermatitis of the vulva?
A
Topical/systemic steroids, moisturizer, and avoidance of irritants
8
Q
- What is the most common cause of vaginal local trauma?
A
Coitus
9
Q
- Where are vaginal lacerations most commonly located?
A
Transverse tear of the posterior fornix
10
Q
- What is the treatment for a vaginal laceration?
A
Suturing under anesthesia
11
Q
- What are the most common sites of myomas?
A
Isthmus and corpus of the uterus
12
Q
- What diagnostic test is used for cervical stenosis?
A
Ultrasound after dilation
13
Q
- What is the treatment for endometrial polyps?
A
Hysteroscopy with dilation and curettage
14
Q
- What is the most common symptom of endometrial polyps?
A
Abnormal bleeding
15
Q
- What are the risk factors for leiomyoma?
A
Increasing age, obesity, early menarche, low parity, tamoxifen use
16
Q
- What is the most common location for leiomyomas?
A
Corpus of the uterus
17
Q
- What type of leiomyoma is most symptomatic?
A
Submucosal leiomyomas
18
Q
- What is the standard treatment for adenomyosis?
A
Hysterectomy
19
Q
- What is the most common benign tumor of the fallopian tubes?
A
Adenomatoid tumors
20
Q
- What is the main symptom of ovarian torsion?
A
Acute severe abdominal pain
21
Q
- What is the treatment for adnexal torsion?
A
Untwisting and cystectomy
22
Q
- What is the most common ovarian cyst?
A
Follicular cysts
23
Q
- What is the clinical triad of Halban’s syndrome?
A
Persistent corpus luteum cyst, unilateral pelvic pain, and a small adnexal mass
24
Q
- What is the typical ultrasound finding of endometriomas?
A
Thick-walled cyst with homogenous echolucency
25
25. What is the most common solid benign ovarian tumor?
Fibroma
26
26. What syndrome involves an ovarian fibroma, ascites, and pleural effusion?
Meigs syndrome
27
27. What is the diagnostic tool of choice for leiomyomas?
Ultrasound
28
28. What is the most common degeneration seen in myomas?
Hyaline degeneration
29
29. What is the first-line treatment for submucosal leiomyomas with abnormal bleeding?
Hysteroscopy
30
30. What is the gold standard imaging technique for differentiating myomas from adenomyosis?
MRI
31
31. What type of nevus has a high risk of turning into melanoma?
Dysplastic nevus
32
32. What are the hallmark features of lichen simplex chronicus?
Leathery appearance, exaggerated skin markings, scaling
33
33. What is the common management of pruritus from lichenification?
Improve hygiene, topical steroids, and moisturizers
34
34. What condition is characterized by repeated itch-scratch cycles leading to thickened skin?
Lichen simplex chronicus
35
35. How can one differentiate a nevus from melanoma?
Nevus is symmetric with even color and sharp borders, while melanoma is asymmetric with irregular borders and color variation.
36
36. What condition results from blunt trauma to the vulva, such as during bicycling?
Vulvar hematoma
37
37. What is the most common complication of straddle injuries in children?
Vulvar hematoma
38
38. What is the typical size range of a vulvar fibroma?
1-10 cm, but may grow larger
39
39. What condition presents with postcoital vaginal pain and transverse tears?
Vaginal trauma (e.g., laceration of the posterior fornix)
40
40. What is the most common dermatologic problem of the vulva?
Pruritus
41
41. What is a predisposing factor for postcoital lacerations in postmenopausal women?
Vaginal atrophy due to estrogen deficiency
42
42. What is the most common symptom of cervical myomas?
Dysuria, urgency, or cervical obstruction
43
43. Why does cervical stenosis lead to hematometra?
Obstruction of cervical outflow traps menstrual blood in the uterus.
44
44. How does tamoxifen increase the risk of endometrial polyps?
It stimulates the endometrial lining, causing hyperplasia.
45
45. What distinguishes a subserosal leiomyoma from a submucosal leiomyoma?
Subserosal leiomyomas grow outward and may cause "knobby uterus," while submucosal leiomyomas distort the endometrial cavity.
46
46. What imaging modality is used to confirm a prolapsed submucosal leiomyoma?
Hysteroscopy
47
47. What type of degeneration in leiomyomas is associated with pregnancy?
Red (carneous) degeneration
48
48. What percentage of leiomyomas have malignant potential?
0.3-0.7%
49
49. What is the preferred treatment for adenomyosis in women desiring uterine preservation?
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or hormonal therapy
50
50. What is the main distinguishing feature of adenomyosis on ultrasound?
Diffuse thickening of the myometrium with heterogenous texture
51
51. What is the most common type of benign ovarian cyst in reproductive-age women?
Follicular cyst
52
52. What is the classic triad of Meigs syndrome?
Ovarian fibroma, ascites, and pleural effusion
53
53. Why are fallopian tube lesions such as hydatid cysts clinically significant?
They can cause torsion or mimic ovarian pathology.
54
54. What is the most common torsion-related complication in adnexal masses?
Ovarian torsion
55
55. What are the clinical features of a ruptured corpus luteum cyst?
Sudden lower abdominal pain, intraperitoneal bleeding, and timing around day 20-26 of the cycle
56
56. What benign ovarian tumor may contain hair, teeth, or cartilage?
Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma)
57
57. What percentage of benign ovarian dermoid cysts are bilateral?
10-15%
58
58. What is the most common site for torsion in adnexal masses?
Right ovary
59
59. What is the treatment for large, symptomatic endometriomas?
Surgical removal (cystectomy)
60
60. What imaging modality is best for diagnosing ovarian torsion?
Doppler ultrasound
61
61. What is the most common vulvar malignancy in older women?
Melanoma
62
62. What is the treatment for dysplastic nevus with suspicious features?
Excision with 0.5-1 cm margins and biopsy
63
63. What is the main cause of vulvar pruritus in diabetic women?
Fungal infections
64
64. What vulvar condition is associated with menopause and presents as vulvar thinning?
Lichen sclerosis
65
65. What is the main diagnostic tool for vulvar hematomas >10 cm?
Pelvic ultrasound
66
66. What is the key feature of a nevus that requires biopsy?
Bleeding, pain, or ulceration
67
67. What type of uterine myoma most commonly causes infertility?
Submucosal myoma
68
68. What causes a pseudocapsule in uterine myomas?
Compression of adjacent myometrium by the tumor
69
69. What is the primary risk factor for adenomyosis?
Increased parity and uterine surgeries
70
70. What is the first-line diagnostic modality for endometrial polyps?
Transvaginal ultrasound
71
71. What is the standard imaging tool for suspected hematometra?
Ultrasound
72
72. How is hematometra secondary to an imperforate hymen treated?
Surgical incision of the hymen to release blood
73
73. What type of degeneration is the most acute form in leiomyomas?
Red (carneous) degeneration
74
74. What is the FIGO classification for a submucosal leiomyoma that is <50% intramural?
Type 1
75
75. What minimally invasive procedure uses high-frequency ultrasound to treat leiomyomas?
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
76
76. What is the treatment for fibromas causing Meigs syndrome?
Surgical removal of the fibroma
77
77. What ovarian lesion contains thyroid tissue as the primary component?
Struma ovarii
78
78. What ovarian lesion has the highest risk of torsion?
Dermoid cyst
79
79. What is the gold standard treatment for endometriosis-associated infertility?
Laparoscopic excision of endometriomas
80
80. What is the most common presentation of fallopian tube torsion?
Acute pelvic pain and adnexal mass
81
81. What is the most common benign neoplasm of the fallopian tube?
Adenomatoid tumor
82
82. How is a simple ovarian cyst in postmenopausal women managed?
Observation if <5 cm with normal CA-125 levels
83
83. What is the main complication of ruptured corpus luteum cysts?
Hemoperitoneum (intraperitoneal bleeding)
84
84. What is the origin of most high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas?
Fallopian tube fimbriae
85
85. What symptom distinguishes cervical stenosis in postmenopausal women?
Hematometra or hydrometra with no vaginal discharge
86
86. What condition involves small benign nodules along the surface of the fallopian tubes?
Paratubal cysts (hydatid cysts of Morgagni)
87
87. What type of cervical trauma is associated with mechanical dilation?
Laceration
88
88. What is the primary management for uterine artery embolization complications?
Supportive care or hysterectomy if severe
89
89. How do hormonal therapies like GnRH agonists treat leiomyomas?
They reduce estrogen and progesterone levels to shrink the myomas.
90
90. What clinical condition is characterized by the uterus being diffusely enlarged but not nodular?
Adenomyosis
91
91. What distinguishes a complex ovarian cyst from a simple cyst on ultrasound?
Presence of solid components, septations, or debris
92
92. What is the typical size of a mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)?
Can range up to 25 cm
93
93. What is the preferred imaging modality for adnexal masses?
Ultrasound with Doppler
94
94. What is the classic appearance of an endometrioma on ultrasound?
"Ground-glass" homogeneity inside the cyst
95
95. What diagnostic feature on MRI distinguishes adenomyosis from myomas?
Diffuse thickening of the myometrium without a pseudocapsule
96
96. What type of myoma can mimic ovarian tumors?
Broad ligament myomas
97
97. What is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in women aged 35-50?
Adenomyosis
98
98. What is the treatment for persistent abnormal bleeding caused by submucosal leiomyomas?
Hysteroscopic resection
99
99. What condition is associated with a triad of cyclic abdominal pain, amenorrhea, and an imperforate hymen?
Hematometra
100
100. What is the key imaging modality for diagnosing an imperforate hymen?
Pelvic ultrasound
101
101. What is the most common complication of benign cystic teratomas?
Ovarian torsion
102
102. What type of cyst results from a dominant follicle failing to rupture?
Follicular cyst
103
103. What benign ovarian tumor is associated with Rokitansky tubercles?
Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma)
104
104. What is the characteristic histological feature of endometrial polyps?
Endometrial glands, stroma, and a central vascular channel
105
105. What complication is associated with pedunculated submucosal leiomyomas?
Prolapse through the cervical canal
106
106. What causes a knobby appearance of the uterus on palpation?
Subserosal leiomyomas
107
107. What is the most common benign lesion found in hysterectomy specimens?
Adenomyosis
108
108. What are the primary symptoms of endometriosis?
Pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and infertility
109
109. What treatment reduces the blood supply to a leiomyoma?
Uterine artery embolization
110
110. What type of degeneration is seen in 65% of leiomyomas?
Hyaline degeneration
111
111. What is the most common site of leiomyoma development?
Intramural (myometrial wall)
112
112. What is a rare cause of benign ovarian masses in postmenopausal women?
Fibromas
113
113. What is the recommended imaging modality for differentiating between simple and complex ovarian cysts?
Transvaginal ultrasound
114
114. What diagnostic finding suggests hematocolpos secondary to an imperforate hymen?
Dilated vagina containing echogenic fluid on ultrasound
115
115. What is the main symptom of adnexal torsion?
Sudden-onset severe pelvic pain
116
116. What fallopian tube condition is associated with pregnancy and adnexal masses?
Fallopian tube torsion
117
117. What is the primary management for large paratubal cysts causing symptoms?
Surgical excision
118
118. What is the most common histologic subtype of ovarian fibromas?
Benign spindle cell tumor
119
119. What is the recommended treatment for symptomatic broad ligament myomas?
Myomectomy or hysterectomy if fertility is not desired
120
120. What imaging finding suggests adenomyosis?
Diffusely thickened myometrium with heterogeneity on ultrasound or MRI
121
121. What hormonal treatment can reduce adenomyosis symptoms?
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)
122
122. What rare uterine condition involves smooth muscle proliferation into venous channels?
Intravenous leiomyomatosis
123
123. What is the clinical presentation of leiomyosarcoma?
Rapidly enlarging uterine mass in postmenopausal women
124
124. What type of leiomyoma arises from parasitic blood supply?
Parasitic myoma
125
125. What is the most common histopathologic feature of struma ovarii?
Predominantly thyroid tissue
126
126. What condition is indicated by the presence of pleural effusion, ascites, and a benign ovarian tumor?
Meigs syndrome
127
127. What is the most common degeneration seen in postmenopausal leiomyomas?
Calcific degeneration
128
128. What is the main symptom of subserosal leiomyomas?
Pelvic pressure or abdominal distension
129
129. What hormone drives the growth of most leiomyomas?
Estrogen
130
130. What is the recommended management for a young woman with small, asymptomatic follicular cysts?
Observation and follow-up ultrasound
131
131. What imaging modality is preferred for evaluating fallopian tube torsion?
Doppler ultrasound
132
132. What condition results from estrogen stimulation of ectopic endometrial tissue?
Endometriosis
133
133. What is the primary differential diagnosis for endometrial polyps?
Submucosal leiomyoma
134
134. What procedure is preferred for resecting prolapsed submucosal leiomyomas?
Hysteroscopic removal
135
135. What ovarian mass is associated with high CA-125 levels and thick septations on ultrasound?
Complex ovarian cyst or malignancy
136
136. What benign ovarian tumor may cause thyrotoxicosis?
Struma ovarii
137
137. What is the role of GnRH agonists in leiomyoma management?
Temporary reduction of myoma size by suppressing estrogen
138
138. What benign condition can mimic ovarian cancer due to peritoneal nodules?
Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata
139
139. What condition causes blood accumulation in the uterus due to lower tract obstruction?
Hematometra
140
140. What condition often coexists with endometrial polyps in tamoxifen users?
Polypoid hyperplasia
