Universal Precaution Flashcards
applied universally in caring for all patients and healthcare workers
universal precaution
it is defined as control guidelines designed to protect workers from exposure to diseases spread by blood and other body fluids
universal precaution
according to CDC, ________ precautions are intended to prevent parenteral, mucous membrane and nonintact skin exposures of health care workers to blood borne pathogens
according to CDC, UNIVERSAL precautions are intended to prevent parenteral, mucous membrane and nonintact skin exposures of health care workers to blood borne pathogens
the concept of _______ __________ precautions emphasizes that all our patients should be treated as though they have potential _____ _____ infections, and can infect the caring health workers
the concept of UNIVERSAL HEALTH precautions emphasizes that all our patients should be treated as though they have potential BLOOD BORN infections, and can infect the caring health workers
previously known by various names including universal precaution
standard precaution
are designed to reduce to risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources to a susceptible host
standard precaution
they are basic level of infection control precaution
standard precaution
standard precautions apply when there is a risk of potential exposure to:
blood
all body fluids except sweat
non-intact skin
mucuos membranes
_______ ________ is the result of a combination of factors:
microbial source + transmission + susceptible host = infection
hospital infection is the result of a combination of factors:
microbial source + transmission + susceptible host = infection
what year that separates facilities, antisepsis and disinfections?
1877 and 1910
what year does universal precautions created?
1985
what year does body substance isolation created?
1987
what year does standard precautions created?
1996
what year does isolation precautions created?
2007
guidelines for protecting healthcare worker because the emergence of HIV and other bloodborne pathogens
1985
focused on protecting patients and health personnel from all moist body fluids not just blood: semen, vaginal secretions, would drainage, sputum, saliva, etc
body substance isolation
two levels of standard precautions:
standard precautions
transmission-based precautions
it is the precautions for new pathogens, SARS, avian influenzae, H5N1 and H1N1
isolation precaution
are additional measures focused on the particular mode of transmission and are always in addition to standard precautions
transmission based precautions
three categories of transmission based precautions
contact precaution
droplet precaution
airborne precaution
it is one of categories of transmission based precautions that are required for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonized with microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct contact or through the patient secretions or bodily fluids
contact precaution
it is one of categories of transmission based precautions that are required for patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by droplets
droplet precautions
_______ can be generated by coughing, sneezing, talking or during the performance of procedures like nebulization
DROPLETS can be generated by coughing, sneezing, talking or during the performance of procedures like nebulization
it is one of categories of transmission based precautions that are required for patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms that can be transmitted to other patients/staff via the airborne route like in dust
tuberculosis, chickenpox and measles
airborne precautions
it is a contracted because of an infection or toxin that exists in a certain location such as hospital
nosocomial infection
people now use nosocomial infections interchangeably with the terms __________ ________ __________ and _______-________ _________
people now use nosocomial infections interchangeably with the terms HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (HAIs) and HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
the term _______ was traditionally used to describe infections that developed in the ______ or to describe infections that were acquired in the hospital but did not develop until after discharge
the term NOSOCOMIAL was traditionally used to describe infections that developed in the HOSPITAL or to describe infections that were acquired in the hospital but did not develop until after discharge
factors that increase the risk for a nosocomial infections incldue:
age
length of hospitalization
excessive use of broad spectrum antibiotics
number of invasive devices and procedures
also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases
communicable diseases
these are illnesses that result from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biologic agents in an individual human or other animal host
communicable diseases
variety of ways that communicable disease can spread through:
contact with blood and bodily fluids
breathing in an airborne virus
being bitten by an insect
examples of communicable diseases:
chicken pox
measles
diphtheria
influenza
whooping cough
pertusis
sars
this term refers to a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection, result in a long-term health consequences and often create a need for long-term treatment and care
non-communicable disease
exampels of non communicable diseases:
cancers
cardiovascular disease
diabetes
chronic lung illnesses
is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases and injuries in human populations
epidemiology
is an individual with specialized post graduate education in epidemiology
epidemiologist
involves the reproduction of microorganisms in the human body
infection
is the collective term used to describe related clinical signs and symptoms associated with an infectious agent or unknown etiology
disease
is defined as the presence of microorganisms on the body or on inanimate objects
contamination
5 classification of carriers
asymptomatic carrier
incubation carriers
convalescent carriers
chronic carriers
passive carriers
it is a type of carrier that is infected without symptoms
asymptomatic carrier
it is a type of carrier that carry early in disease
incubation carriers
it is a type of carrier that carry in last phases of recovery
convalescent carriers
it is a type of carrier that carry for long periods after recovery
chronic carriers
it is a type of carrier that are uninfected but convey infectious agents from infected persons to uninfected ones by hand and instrument contact
passive carriers
cycle of infection:
_______ agent
reservoir
portal of _____
mode of ______
portal of ______
susceptible host
infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
