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PHARMA & VENI > Radiographic Contrast Media > Flashcards

Radiographic Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

who discovered contrast media on 1896?

A

Walter Bradford Cannon

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2
Q

first reported gastrointestinal contrast study performed using bismuth

A

1897

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3
Q

bismuth, toxic

___ _____, safer

A

bismuth, toxic

barium sulfate, safer

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4
Q

it is the year when sodium iodide used to treat syphilis, iodine was found to be radio opaque to xrays and basis of all modern contrast media

A

1920s

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5
Q

barium sulfate - oral
_____ based - intravenous
________ - for MRI

A

barium sulfate - oral
iodine based - intravenous
gadolinium - for MRI

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6
Q

it is the different in optical density between different parts of image on radiograph

A

contrast

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7
Q

this depends on absorption coefficients of different tissues on radiograph

A

contrast

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8
Q

contrast

high contrast - ____________
low contrast - _____________

A

contrast

high contrast - too black
low contrast - too white

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9
Q

also called contrast agents or contrast media

A

contrast materials

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10
Q

are used to improve pictures of the inside of the body produced by xrays, ct and mri

A

contrast materials

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11
Q

allows the radiologist to distinguish normal from abnormal conditions

A

contrast materials

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12
Q

barium swallow/oral is used for

A

upper gastrointestinal tract

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13
Q

barium enema/rectal is used for

A

lower gastrointestinal tract

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14
Q

intravenous is used for

A

veins, arteries, arterioles, bronchioles

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15
Q

is triple contrast allowed in one patient?

A

yes, as long as there are intervals and dosage

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16
Q

they are not dyes that permanently discolor internal organs, they are substances that temporarily change the way xrays or other imaging tools interact with the body

A

contrast materials

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17
Q

xray of the blood vessels

A

arteriography

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18
Q

angiography

A

cardiology

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19
Q

contrast media can enter the body in 4 ways:

A

swallowed/orally

administered by enema/given rectally

injected into a blood vessel/intravenously

intraarticular or inhaled

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20
Q

it refers to structure that are dense and resist the passage of xrays that appears white/light in a radiographic image such as bones

A

radiopaque

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21
Q

it refers to structure that are less dense and permits the xray beam to pass through them that appears black/dark such as muscle and intestines

A

radiolucent

22
Q

2 types of contrast media

A

positive contrast
negative contrast

23
Q

it is a substance having a higher atomic number than the surrounding tissues and they usually appear white on the radiograph

A

positive contrast

24
Q

it is a type of contrast that has high absorption rate

A

positive contrast

25
Q

2 examples of positive contrast:

A

barium sulfate
iodine based

26
Q

it is the most contrast material taken by mouth and can also be used rectally

A

barium sulfate

27
Q

it is a metallic compound that shows up on xray to help see abnormalities in esophagus and stomach

A

barium sulfate

28
Q

2 types of barium sulfate:

A

barium enema
barium swallow

29
Q

in barium sulfate, it is an xray exam that can detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon)

A

barium enema

30
Q

in barium sulfate, it is a test that may be used to determine the cause of painful swallowing, difficulty with swallowing, abdominal pain, bloodstained vomit or unexplained weight loss

A

barium swallow

31
Q

it is a colorless liquid which includes iodine

A

iodine based

32
Q

it is injected into your blood stream to allow your organs to be seen more clealy on xrays

A

iodine based

33
Q

2 types of iodine based:

A

ionin
non ionic

34
Q

in iodine based, it is less expensive with 14% of patient have high adverse reaction within 5 to 10 minutes

A

ionic

35
Q

in iodine based, it is expensive that has lower change of adverse reaction

A

non ionic

36
Q

urovison
hypaque
uromiro
pantopaque
diotrat
hytrast
conray
telebrix
angiografin

A

ionic iodine based

37
Q

ultravist
magnevist
xenetics
omnipaque
optiray

A

non ionic iodine based

38
Q

it is a substance having a lower atomic number than the surrounding tissues and it appears black on the radiograph

A

negative contrast

39
Q

it is the key component of the contrast material most often used in mri exams

A

gadolinium

40
Q

when this substance is present in the body, it alters the magnetic properties of nearby water molecules which enhances the quality of the images

A

gadolinium

41
Q

factors in selecting contrast media:
it must be ___ _____
it must have _______ contrast
it must have ______
it must have suitable _____
it must have _______

A

factors in selecting contrast media:
it must be non toxic
it must have adequate contrast
it must have viscosity
it must have suitable persistence
it must have miscibility

42
Q

4 physical state of contrast:

A

liquid
tablet
powder
oil

43
Q

4 methods of introducing sensitivity test

A

scleral
sublingual
intradermal
intravenous

44
Q

sensitivity test

a drop of contrast is introduced into the eyeball

A

scleral

45
Q

sensitivity test

a drop of contrast is deposited into the base of the tongue

A

sublingual

46
Q

sensitivity test

1 to 2 cc of contrast is injected just beneath the skin

A

intradermal

47
Q

sensitivity test

3 to 5 ml of contrast is injected to the vein

A

intravenous

48
Q

sneezing, coughing, yawning, nausea, reddening of the skin, nausea, vomiting, slight fever, chills, itching, urticaria, flushing of the face

A

1st degree

49
Q

drop in BP, bradycardia, dyspnea, spastic cough

A

2nd degree

50
Q

shock, tachycardia, massive drop in BP, bronchospasm, wheezing, asthma attack, stridor abnormal breathing occurring when the larynx and trachea are obstructed, choking, convulsion, glottis edema, lung edema

A

3rd degree

51
Q

circulatory and respiratory arrest

A

4th degree

PHARMA & VENI (12 decks)

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