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Sem 1 Concepts Exam > Universal Experiences > Flashcards

Universal Experiences Flashcards

1
Q

what is the universal experience of “crisis”

A
  • stress, anxiety
  • Tips scale towards illness side of wellness-illness continuum
  • Conceptualized as a stimulus, a process, a response, & a state – it may be more accurate to describe stressors as stimuli and stress as a response or reaction to them
  • Subjective
  • Caused by internal and external factors
  • A response to demands that exceed ones ability to cope
  • Occurs on a continuum with anxiety and crisis
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2
Q

what are the 3 components of the stress response

A
  • physiological
  • cognitive
  • emotional
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3
Q

types of crises: (2)

A
  • Developmental (usually short lived) – retirement, empty nest, puberty
  • Situational – illness, death of a loved one, separation or divorce, loss of job, moving, traumatic experience, unplanned pregnancy
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4
Q

crisis intervention

A
  • Early intervention, stabilization, facilitate understanding, problem solving, encourage self-reliance
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5
Q

role of RPN in crisis

A
  • Establish a therapeutic relationship
  • Gather relevant data
  • Bear witness to their pain
  • Validate their feelings
  • Provide education
  • Teach new coping skills
  • Offer hope
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6
Q

physiological response: general adaptation syndrome (SELYE)

A

stage 1: alarm reaction

Stage 2: resistance stage

Stage 3: exhaustion stage

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7
Q

Physiological component of stress response

A

a. i.e. sweating, increased heart rate, increased adrenaline, cortisol etc.
b. Important for life threatening evolutionary responses

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8
Q

Cognitive component of stress reaction

A

a. Stress impairs the more complex part of your brain
b. Not focused on thinking about problem
c. Physiological response takes over

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9
Q

emotional component of stress response

A

a. Triggers stress
b. Emotional component -> cognitive offline -> physiological component -> emotional component

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10
Q

body functions/systems affected by stress

A

cardiovascular, respiratory, GI, MS, GU, dermatological

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11
Q

cognitive component of stress response considers what

A

considers the appraisal of stressors and how they influence the stress response

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12
Q

what is the Lazarus & Folkman: Cognitive Appraisal Theory:

A
  • the person is under stress only if they perceive themselves to be
  • primary appraisal: what does this situation mean to me
  • secondary appraisal: can I cope with it
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13
Q

The cognitive-behavioural triangle of the emotional component of stress

A

emotions – thoughts – behaviour

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14
Q

Anxiety in the emotional component of stress

A

apprehension or dread in response to internal or external stimuli that can be experiences in physical, emotional, cognitive (e.g., distorted negative thoughts), and/or behavioural ways (e.g., avoidance, procrastination)

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15
Q

Levels of anxiety:

A
  • Mild: slight arousal that enhances perception, learning and productivity
  • Moderate: increased arousal with tension, nervousness and perception is narrowed
  • Severe/pain: it is consuming, poor focus, very uncomfortable and requires intervention. Overpowering & frightening
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16
Q

what influences how someone will cope with stress and anxiety

A
  • Coping can be affected by biology, environment, education and awareness, models of healthy coping mechanisms
17
Q

describe adaptive coping

A
  • strategies that minimize/reduce or eliminate the stress response
  • Strategies can be short-term/immediate, or longer-term adaptations
  • E.g., sleep (behavioural), meditation (cognitive + physiological ), journaling/for self-awareness (cognitive), exercise (physiological, phycological, spiritual), nutrition (physiological), music (spiritual)
18
Q

describe maladaptive coping

A
  • may temporarily be “effective”, but cause longer term negative consequences and results in worsening distress
  • Defense mechanisms – denial, projection, regression etc.
  • E.g., substance use, binge eating, overexercising
19
Q

define comfort and pain

A

The capacity to self soothe emotional/cognitive challenges

20
Q

Factors that influence the experience of pain & comfort:

A

physiological, psychological, developmental, sociocultural & spiritual factors
- Physiological e.g., high tolerance to pain - biological

21
Q

Comfort & the role of the RPN:

A
  • Comfort is closely related to caring
  • An essential part pf our role as RPN
  • May involve consolation, support or assistance to promote well-being
  • Comforting is not pitying
22
Q

Hope (hopelessness) =

A

hope is the anticipation of a continued good or of an improvement in, or lessening of something unpleasant

23
Q

Power (powerlessness) =

A

the perception & process of gaining or maintaining control or influence over aspects on one’s environment

  • A client receiving mental health treatment can at times feel powerless. What are some circumstances or experiences that contribute to this? – marginalized population
  • We must recognize &minimize the power differential inherent in our therapeutic relationships and our practices as RPNs
  • The goal is to empower our clients by mobilizing their strengths
24
Q

what are the 4 concepts of loss

A
  • grief
  • actual loss
  • perceived loss
  • bereavement
25
Q

grief

A

the emotional response (subjective) to the perception of loss

26
Q

actual loss

A

A loss of a person or object that can no longer be felt, heard, known or experienced

27
Q

perceived loss

A

a loss that cant be seen by others

28
Q

Bereavement

A

the response to the loss or death of a loved one

29
Q

Common symptoms of Grief

A
  • Feeling physically drained
  • Cant sleep
  • Forgetful, cant think clearly
  • Appetite changes
  • Physical symptoms: chest pains, headaches
  • Poor concentration
  • Senses or dreams about the deceased
  • Guilt
  • Tearfulness
  • Sadness that comes in waves
  • Numbness
30
Q

Factors that impact grieving

A

The grieving perons:

  • Personality and temperament before the loss (external vs. internal locus of control)
  • Degree of attachment with the person who died
  • Culture & religious
  • Nature of the loss e.g., sudden or traumatic
  • Presence of preexisting mental illness & coping skills
  • Amount of support they have
  • Number of previous losses person as experienced (grief is cumulative)
  • The bereaved person feels responsible in some way for the loss
31
Q

Differentiating Normal Grief from Depression

A
  • Normal Grief:
    o Self-esteem intact
    o Good days and bad days
    o Maintains feelings of hope
    o Able to experience pleasure
    o Accept comfort from others
    o Physical symptoms are transient
  • Clinical depression:
    o Self-esteem is disturbed
    o Feels persistent dysphoria
    o Feelings of hopelessness
    o Anhedonia is prevalent
    o Does not response to support from others
    o Expresses chronic physical complaints
32
Q

Complicated Grief =

A

stuck in the grieving process. Defined as unhealthy mourning following a death, lasts at least 6 months

33
Q

signs of complicated grief

A

o Pt doesn’t progress through the stages of grief
o Preoccupation with the deceased or death
o Recurrent intrusive images
o Avoidance of painful reminders of death
o Grief response continues to impact daily living
o Seek to isolate or avoid support systems
o Extreme feelings of guilt/worthlessness
o Meet criteria for major depression

34
Q

Anticipatory grief =

A

the emotional experience of the normal grief response before the loss occurs

35
Q

Role of the RPN: GRIEF

A
  • Assess the client’s stage in the grief process (gather acute baseline)
  • Develop trust. Show empathy and unconditional positive regard
  • Provide ongoing support (friends, support groups etc)
  • Help client actualize the loss by talking about it (reviewing events of the loss helps increase awareness)
  • Help client identify and express feelings (repressed feelings of guilt/anger can stall grieving)
  • Understand and explain in the normal grief process
  • Be present and bear witness to their pain
  • Identify maladaptive coping strategies (avoidance of pain can stall grieving)
36
Q

Integrity (death, dying, acceptance)

A
  • Integrity stems from the latin word ‘integer’ which means whole & complete
  • The quality of having an inner sense of wholeness and consistency of character
  • you demonstrate consistency in your values, beliefs, and actions in all areas of your life
  • satisfaction of attaining own life goals
  • integrity contributes to trust and authenticity
  • maintaining patient sense of integrity is a key role of the nurse e.g., dying patient, grieving patient
37
Q

what are the 7 universal experiences

A
  • hope
  • crisis
  • comfort
  • connectedness
  • loss
  • power
  • resiliency

Sem 1 Concepts Exam (10 decks)

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