Spiritual & Sociocultural Variables Flashcards
Define Spirituality
that which arises out each person’s unique life experiences & his/her effort to find meaning & purpose
Define Religion
a particular system of worship & faith; an organized system of beliefs & practices
Define Faith
belief in something even when there is no evidence or proof; can involve the belief in a god or doctrines of a religion
Define Spiritual Health
a feeling of being generally alive, purposeful, and fulfilled
What behaviours indicate spiritual health or spiritual well-being?
after the practice you feel genuineness, gratitude, happiness, enlightened
what is the purpose of assessing the spiritual variable
how does this person make sense of their experience; how do they cope and find meaning to move forward?
How can we promote spiritual health?
Ask client about spirituality, ask questions: do you have any spiritual or religious practices
Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:
purpose / meaning
Meaning is derived from the individual client when a search for insight and expression of underlying feelings regarding one’s philosophy of life, values and beliefs about health and health challenges is explored
Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:
interconnectedness
An individual’s sense of love, belonging and connection to self, others, a higher power, nature, and the cosmos
Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:
faith
A belief in the unseen or unknown. Faith is a firm belief in the ability to draw on spiritual resources with certainty despite any evidence or proof
Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:
religion
A system of organized worship ascribing to a set of doctrines which the person practices.
Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide: religion
A system of organized worship ascribing to a set of doctrines which the person practices.
Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:
forgiveness
Explore with your client their ability to forgive others and/or their openness to accept forgiveness from others as a starting point of “letting go” of past feelings of being hurt, angry, resentful, betrayed etc.
Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:
creativity
Any activity producing a sense of peace, comfort, and soulfulness for individuals
Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:
transcendence
A process/experience beyond the usual sensory phenomena.
Often associated with classical mystic experiences of God (not reserved for religious experience alone, but may be related to aesthetic reactions to art and music or the response to the majesty of creation)
Define spiritual distress
disturbance in the person’s core value system, which provides strength, hope and meaning to life
Define culture
- Shared patterns of learned values and behaviours that are transmitted over time and that distinguish the members of one group from another.
- Culture can include language, ethnicity, spiritual and religious beliefs, socioeconomic class, gender, sexual orientation, age, group history, geographic origin, and education, as well as childhood and life experiences
Examples of Cultural groups:
homeless, aging families, LGBTQ+, students, people with mental illness, nurses
Define ethnicity
refers to groups whose members share a social and culture heritage.
- Members feel a sense of common identity. Members of ethnic groups may share common values, language, history, physical characteristics, and geographical space.
- The most important characteristic of an ethnic group is that its members feel a sense of common identity
e.g., Irish, Japanese, Filipino etc.
Define race
common biological attributes shared by a group, such as a skin colour
Aspects of culturally sensitive care:
- being culturally knowledgeable
- being client centred
- being self-reflective
- recognizing conflict of client/nurse values
- facilitating client choice
- incorporation client’s cultural preferences
- accommodating client’s beliefs and practices
the 4 pillars of change:
- Harm reduction
- Law enforcement
- Treatment
- Prevention
Cultural humility, safety, and sensitivity:
knowledge, skills, attitudes & personal attributes required by nurses to provide appropriate care and services in relation to cultural characteristics of their clients
Cultural Safety:
involves considering the redistribution of power and resources in a relationship. The notion “is based on the premise that the term culture” is used in its broadcast sense to apply to any person or group of people who may differ from the nurse/midwife because of socio-economic status, age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, migrant/refugee status, religious belief, or disability
BCCNM Code of Ethics:
B4:
C5:
B4: recognizes and respects diversity and that a person’s culture may influence health practices and decision making
C5: recognizes the role of culture and spirituality in health promotion, illness prevention, and in recovery
BCCNM indigenous cultural safety, cultural humility, and anti-racism Practice Standard 6 core concepts
- Self-reflective practice (it starts with me)
- Building knowledge through education
- Anti-racist practice (taking action)
- Creating safe health care experiences
- Person-led care (relational care)
- Strengths-based and trauma-informed practice (looking below the surface)
Conveying Cultural Sensitivity :
- Address by last name (unless permission given)
- Introduce yourself, explain your role
- Use appropriate eye contact
- Be genuine and honest (about lack of knowledge)
- Respectful language (based on client’s preference and/or acceptable norms)
- Do not make assumptions
- Respect the client’s values, beliefs, and practices
- Show respect for client’s supports/family
Cultural awareness:
is a beginning step toward understanding that there is a difference. Many people undergo courses designed to desensitize them to formal ritual and practice rather than the emotional, social, economic, and political context in which people exist
Cultural sensitivity:
alerts nurses to the legitimacy of difference and begins a process of self-exploration as powerful bearers of their own realities which can have an impact on others.
Cultural Safety:
is an outcome of nursing education that enables safe service to be defined by those who receive the service
Sociocultural Theory:
looks at interactions between people, their social structure, relationships, and the “culture” in which they live, work and play.
Suggests human learning is largely a social process. Grew from the work of psychologist Lev Vysotsky, who argued the learning is based in interacting with other people. Once this has occurred, information is integrated on the individual level
Sociocultural Assessment: PNUR Variable Assessment Guide
- Language & communication patterns: verbal/nonverbal
- Cultural roles and expectations
- Social History: Family, education, and work/finances
- Relationships/significant others
- Health beliefs, habits, and practices
- Ethnicity and race
Language & communication patterns:
- verbal/nonverbal
- preferred spoken language
Relationships/significant others:
- how does this person express feelings of caring for others
- who are the important people to this person
- how does this person describe their personal relationships
health beliefs, habits and practices
- beliefs about health, illness, birth, death, time and health care providers
Describe social identity
Socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, group members (minority) and role important to that person. Also viewed as self-concept and includes:
- Social status (age, sex, family status, occupation)
- Membership in groups (cultural, membership)
- Social labels (ie. Mentally ill, unemployed)
- Derived statuses (war veteran, recovering alcoholic)
- Social types (perceptions, attitudes as self-defined)
- Personality identity (nickname, preferred name, title)
Additional assessment tools for the sociocultural variable
- Ecomap
- Genogram
what’s included in the sociocultural variable
- relationships
- social history
- awareness of diversity: culture
- ethnicity & race
- environment & health
- health beliefs, habits & practices
- cultural roles & expectations
- language & communication
what’s included in the spiritual variable
- purpose & meaning
- interconnectedness
- faith
- religion
- forgiveness
- creativity
- transcendence
