Integumentary/ Musculoskeletal/ Mobility Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 4 basic elements of normal movement/mobility
A
- posture/body alignment
- joint mobility/range of motion
- balance
- coordination (need first 3 things to move in order to maintain movement)
2
Q
Describe joint mobility/ range of motion
A
the maximum movement possible for joint - measured in degrees;
passive range: physically move it for them (only 90 degrees= limited range; active range: can move it themselves)
3
Q
ROM varies and is determined by
A
- age
- health and overall activity
- genetics
- general health status
4
Q
Active ROM
A
- uses patients own strength to create the movement thru joints
5
Q
Passive ROM
A
- more intrusive than active ROM, as you manipulate the person’s joints for them
6
Q
Factors that impair mobility
A
- congenital or acquired postural abnormalities e.g. scoliosis
- Damage to the CNS
- impaired muscle development e.g. MS
- direct trauma
- inflammatory diseases e.g. Arthritis
- Bed rest or reduced activity tolerance
- pain
- medications
7
Q
Describe Rheumatoid Arthritis
A
- chronic inflammatory disease
- systemic but primarily synovial membrane - inflames synovial membrane
- cause unknown (exacerbated by stress)
- Acute inflammation can be sudden/short
8
Q
5 cardinal signs of Rheumatoid Arthritis
A
- Redness
- Warmth
- Swelling
- Pain
- Loss of function
9
Q
Describe Osteoarthritis
A
- a degenerative joint disease
- localized degeneration of joints, opposed to rheumatoid systemic
- Most common chronic condition of joints
- Knees, hips, base of finger (thumb and big toe)
- Soreness, stiffness, limited ROM, stiffness that goes away when using joint
- Pain when resting/ at the end of the day
- Not to be confused with osteoporosis
10
Q
Describe osteoporosis
A
- brittle bones: Not a disease of the joints, this is disease of the bone
- decreased density of bones and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased risk of fractures
- No signs or symptoms unless a bone breaks or go for a scan and they notice a loss of bone density
- Makes risks of breaks much higher if elderly person falls
- commonly seen in hips, wrist and spine
11
Q
risk factors for osteoporosis
A
- gender: female
- Age 65+
- early menopause / post menopausal
- ethnicity: caucasian and asian
- history of fractures
- family history
- thin body weight / bone structure
- smoking and alcohol abuse
12
Q
risk factors for Osteoarthritis
A
- Age 65+
- obesity
- previous joint injury
- overuse of the joint
- weak thigh muscles
- genes
13
Q
what can immobility lead to
A
- disuse osteoporosis
- muscle atrophy and deconditioning
- contractures (muscles cant move)
- stiffness and pain in the joints
- cardiovascular changes e.g. orthostatic hypotension
- metabolic changes e.g. loss of calcium, constipation
- respiratory complications
- urinary changes
- poor hygiene
- skin breakdown / pressure ulcers
14
Q
integumentary system includes
A
hair, skin, nails
15
Q
assessing hair
A
Uniformity/thickness
Color
Amount of hair (alopecia)
Body hair (lanugo)
Texture (oily/dry)
Scalp is free of lesions
Parasites (lice etc.)
