Units 4-5 Flashcards
How long was Madison pres?
1808-1816
Why/how did the war of 1812 start? (3 reasons)
1) impressing
2) west
3) victory/ democratic republican (foreign or domestic)
1) British were impressing American sailors to fight in their wars
2) Americans wanted to move west, but kept bumping into American Indians who were there and not willing to give up their land - British were aiding them
3) democratic republican ruled HOR - there was an influential group of them who were willing to fight for American honor - War Hawks (wanted to relive American Revolution victory)
Who opposed the war of 1812? What was the meeting called? What did they threaten? Results? Foreign or domestic
1) federalists
2) held a meeting - Hartford Convention
3) to secede from the Union
4) death in Federalist Party
(Foreign)
Who won the war of 1812?
What was signed?
What did this cause throughout the states?
(Foreign or domestic)
1) no one won or lost
2) treaty of Ghent was signed
3) since this was a “win” - nationalism spread throughout the states
Weaknesses in the US showing during the war of 1812 1) National bank 2) infrastructure 3) who proposed a remedy? (Foreign or domestic)
1) no National bank (charter expired in 1811) - US lacked a reliable source of credit to raise funds
2) weak infrastructure and transportation -> difficult to move men and supplies during war
3) Henry Clay - American System
(Domestic)
1) what was the American system meant to do
2) what were the three policies (infrastructure, bank, tariffs)
(Foreign or domestic)
1) grow US Domestically
2) - federally funded internal improvements (roads and canals) - would benefit farmers and merchants
- federal tariffs - would protect US manufacturers (which grew after the war)
High tariff taxes on imported goods - will make people buy domestically made goods
- Second Bank of US - get rechartered - would stabilize US currency and state banks
What did Madison and Monroe oppose?
Providing money for roads and canals
Argued that federal money was an overreach of power - disadvantage the south
Non-intercourse act What was the original version? What does this say? (Foreign or domestic) (Which President)
1) Embargo act - America will not trade with any foreign countries
2) but since teh problems were with Britian and France - the Non-Intercourse Act - can’t trade with them
(Madison’s)
Macon’s Bill #2 What did it say Who responded Pres? Foreign or domestic
1) to Britain and France stop impressing our sailors - if this problem is fixed then trade will be restored
2) Napoleon reached out - Britian said no
3) Madison - foreign
Gibbons v Ogden
Issue?
Significance - Verdict?
What is this an example of?
1) NY tried to issue a monopoly of commerce on Hudson River btwn NJ
Giving one guy a right to business
2) only US congresss can regulate commerce between states
3) Supreme Court increasing federal power
How long was Monroe President?
1816 - 1824
Missouri Compromise of 1820 1) which areas was this applied to? 2) what happened? - what was the problem 3) Tallmadge Amendment? 4) what were the results? (President - foreign or domestic)
1) thsi applied to areas that were bought during the Louisiana purchase
2) Missouri had applied for state hood
In the territory slaves had been brought in - so it was assumed to be a slave state
BUT
the northern states already had majority in the HOR - since they were a bigger pop
So if Missouri was a slave state it would tip the perfect balance in the senate of slave vs free
3) Proposed by James Tallmadge - proposed an amendment to Missouri’s application for statehood that would ban slavery for after 25 years - enraged southern s who feared slavery would disappear - balance of power was at stake and threatened to secede from union
4) Henry clay has the solution - Missouri comp
Admitting Missouri as slave state
But Maine will be brought in as free - to preserve power
Also 36,30 line was established - areas above = free below = state - fed into sectionalism
Panic of 1819
1) America is going through a _____
2) what was America doing?
1) economic depression
2) overspending their money towards new land - not gaining enough in return
Causing the bank to be suspended and placing foreclosure on land
Monroe Doctrine
1) what did it state?
(Territory, foreign countries, not followed)
2) reaction?
1) territory btwn Canada and Mexico is closed to colonization
2) if foreign countries listens - America wil stay out of foreign affairs
3) if not will cause war
-
Didn’t affect Britian
Controversy over Latin America territory
Adams onist Treaty
1) what did America get
2) what did they give up
1) Florida
2) claims over Texas (not for long)
McCullough v Maryland Issue? Significance? Verdict What does this show
1) Branch of bank is housed in Maryland - Maryland asked to tax - can state tax federal govt
2) power to tax involves power to destroy - can’t give state powers to destroy
Verdict = no
3) it shows the supreme court strengthening federal power
Jackson and Federal Power
1) so what happened to Federalist Party
2) what are the two new parties?
1) no more
2) Democrats and Whigs
Democrats
1) led by who
2) draws values from?
3) what were they for?
4) what were they against?
1) Andrew Jackson
2) draw values from old democratic republicans
3) limited power in federal govt
Free trade
Local rule
4) corporate monopolies
High tariffs
National bank
Whigs
1) led by who?
2) in the image of what?
3) for
4) against
1) Henry clay
2) in the image of Federalist Party tan by Hamilton
3) involved central government
National bank
Protective tariffs
Federal funded internal improvements
4) crimes committed by immigrants
What did both parties (D and W) argue over
Rule of federal power with respect to tariffs, National bank and internal improvements
Protective tariffs -
Basically high tariffs = people will be more likely to choose domestically made goods
Tariff of 1828 When was it passed? How much did it raise duties on imports? Who was this beneficial to? Who does this impact (badly)?
1) during the last months of John Quincy Adams presidency
2) 35-45%
3) northern manufacturer and western farmers
4) southerners who rely on the imported goods
Who won the election in 1828? Did the tariff bother him? Who did it bother? What did he call it? Why? What did he develop?
1) Jackson
2) it didn’t bother him
3) His VP Calhoun from South Carolina - called it the Tariff of Abominations
4) since this tariff disadvantaged the south economically and felt like an overreach of federal power
5) Doctrine of Nullification
Doctrine of Nullification
1) what did Calhoun argue
If a state judged a federal law as unconst- the state can pretend it doesn’t exist = nullify it
How did Jackson respond to the doctrine of nullification?
What did this give him the authority to do?
Persuaded congress to pass Force Bill - gave him authority to respond to South Carolina w/ military action
How did Calhoun and South C respond?
Revoked nullification of tariff laws
But nullified force bill (even tho it was no longer necessary)
1) when was the second bank of us at established?
2) what did it do to the economy?
3) what had to happen in the 1830s
1) 1816
2) stabilized economy throughout the 1820s
3) state banks had to close bc they were unable to make payments to National bank leaving citizens with useless paper currency
What did Jackson believe about the bank?
1) it was unconst
Served to wealthy and caused harm
What bill did clay persuade Congress to pass - what did it do?
What happened when it reached Jackson’s office?
Did the US people agree with this?
1) to recharter the bank
2) he vetoed it calling it a “hydra of corruption”
3) well he ended up getting re-elected
What did whigs think about internal improvements?
What did Jacksonians (Democrats) think?
1) necessitated expenditures w/ keeping the nation connected
2) saw this as a federal overreach and expenditures were unconst
Indian removal act of 1830
What did the Cherokee nation in Georgia declare?
How did Georgia feel about this?
1) declared itself a sovereign (independent) nation within the state
2) saw the Cherokee as house guests
What was passed in 1830? (Has to do with Indians)
What did it mandate?
How did the Cherokee Indians respond?
1) Indian removal act
2) mandated all Cherokee Indians of Georgia be relocated west of Mississippi River in Oklahoma territory
3) they challenged this to the Supreme Court
Worcester v Georgia
1) who did the Supreme Court side with/what did they say
They sided with the Cherokee
They said Georgia cant impose state laws within Cherokee boundaries (Indian land)
What is the Treaty of New Echota?
Small amount of Cherokee Indians met with US officials -> officials exchanged Cherokee lands in east for reservation territory west of mississppi
What happened to the Cherokee Indians?
What did they travel along?
Why is it called this?
1) they and other tribes were forcibly removed
2) they traveled along the Trail of Tears
3) great sickness + dying occurred - they were ill prepared to make such a journey
What was going democratically during the first half of the 1800s?
What were the causes for this?
1) participatory democracy expanded significantly
2) small farmers, working men + frontier settlers began demanding the Franchise (right to vote)
