Units 3-4 Flashcards
Domestic Policy (precedents set)
National bank
Washington
- came up w/ Hamilton
- Helps fund federal govt ideas
Domestic policy (precedents set) Cabinet In const or no?
Group of advisors that advice the president
Not in const
Domestic Policy abt terms in office
Washington
- Limited terms in office as a custom
Domestic policy & warning from Washington
Did we follow
- no political parties
Foreign Policy - another warning - did we follow
Washington
- No foreign entanglement (don’t get involved in foreign conflicts) we followed
Foreign Policy abt Tariffs
Washington
allows tariffs on imports
Cabinet details: Secretary of State (who and deals with what)
Under Washington
- diplomacy issues
- Jefferson
Cabinet details: secretary of treasury (who and deals with what)
- Hamilton
- Finances
Cabinet details: secretary of war (who and deals with what)
Under Washington
- Henry Knox
- In charge of military operations
Cabinet details: attorney general (who and what)
Under washington
- endmund Randolph
- Legal issues
Financial plan excise tax (who and what aka)
- by Hamilton
- Aka assumption plan
- Tax on luxury items
How does Hamilton justify the National bank?
- with the 18th power - elastic clause
- Elastic clause says that changes r allowed to be made if need and necessary and Hamilton felt that way
What does the assumption plan say?
Made by who
- federal govt will assume debt if all states and take all of their money
Secretary of treasury - hamilton
What was Hamilton’s reason for the National bank?
unify states and improve credit of us
How will Hamilton improve credit of us and unify them?
- take the debts of each state from revolutionary war into national debt
- Would allow for the US to borrow $$ from other nations and increase the dependence of states upon fed govt
Who was the idea of the National bank opposed by?
-states who had little to no debt
What did Washington issue during French Rev? What did he believe unlike who
- Procolomatuon of Neutrality in 1793
- Didn’t believe Americans should get involved unlike Jefferson
What did Britian continue to do? Who was sent? What was a result from this?
- seize American ships and impressing American sailors who were bound for France
- Sent John jay to correct this
- As a result Jays Treaty
What is Jay’s treaty?
- British agreed to give up their posts on the western frontier if American territory
Who did Jays Treaty bother? What did they begin to do? As a result?
- Spain bc it looked as if the US was getting comfortable with the enemy - meaning they will lose an alliance
- Spain worked to strengthen their holding in the west by expanding its mission settlements especially in Cali
- Pickey Treaty - 1795
Two parts to Pinckney Treaty ( abt Spain allowing America to do something and agreed abt something)
- Spain allowed for Americans to use port @ new role and for trade along Mississippi river
- Agreed southern border of US would fall along the 31st parallel
Who was it hard to stop? What did this led to?
- land Hungry Americans who wanted to move west and settle in Ohio river valley
- This led to conflicts w/ American Indians who claimed that land
What was the rumor going around abt Britian and American Indians? What did this lead to?
- Britain was supplying them w/ arms and encouraging them to attack westward movinwestward-movingg Americans
- Battle of fallen timber’s
Who was the battle of fallen timbers against? Who won? What did the Indians do and what did this open?
- US army ce Confederacy of American Indian Tribes
- Indians were defeated
- Indians surrendered Ohio Tiver Vally - this opened 4 American settlement
Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 - what did Hamilton do? Which angered who? What did these angry ppl do? This is similar to what? What’s the difference
- Hamilton convinced Congress to pass a bill to tax whiskey
- Which angered poor farmers who made profit off whiskey and didn’t see it as a luxury but more as a necessity - if whiskey is being taxed less ppl will buy
- The farmers attacked federal tax collectors
- It was similar to shays rebellion under AOC - shows the weakness of central govt
- Unlike the const where Washington was able to stop the rebellion w/ US army
Political Party: Federalists led by who? Supporter of what? Favored who?
- Hamilton
- Supporters of strong central govt
- Favored urban and elite interests
Democratic-Republicans: led by who? Champions of what? Favored what
- led by Jefferson and Madison
- Champions of states rights
- Favored rural and agricultural interests
How many terms did Washington serve? What did he say when he stepped down - what is it called?
- two terms = 8 yrs
- Gave a speech called Washington’s Farewell
What was addressed in Washington’s farewell - what are the warnings?
- dangers of factions and political parties
- Warned against dangers of entangling alliances w/ European nations
Who was after Washington? What party is he? He’s pro what?
- John adams
- Federalist
- Pro-British
War broke out btwn who? As soon as what?
- Britian and France
- As soon as Adams became President
What did Adams want to do during the war? But what happened?
- wanted to remain neutral
- But France seized American trading ship is going to Britain
What did Adams send to where? What happened?
- sent delegations to France to negotiate
- There were 3 Frenchmen on behalf of the French govt - who demanded a bribe - b4 they would start negotiating
X,Y, Z affair - how did it become known as the Xyz affair?
domestic or foreign policy
- when the report of the 3 Frenchmen came abt, they were known as x.y,z
foreign policy
Alien Acts - what did it make possible? Who was it aimed at? Who was what?
domestic or foreign policy
Made by who
- made it possible 4 govt to imprison or deport any non-citizen
- Aimee at Irish and Scottish immigrants
- Were critics of govt pro-British leanings
domestic
Adams
Sedition Acts - made what illegal?
domestic or foreign policy
- made it illegal to critics govt publicly
domestic
Who did these two acts upset? What did they see it as?
- democratic republicans
- Saw it as a gross overreach of federal power and fundamental violation of const rights
Where did the response to democratic republicans come from?
- The Virginia and Kentucky Resolution
What did The Virginia and Kentucky Resolution state?
- states had a right to nullify any law passed by the federal govt that went beyond powers explicitly granted by const
Who took over during the election of 1800? What did he call it? Why?
- Jefferson
- Called it the Revolution of 1800
- Bc it marked one of the few times in history where power was transferred peacefully between rival parties
how did democratic-republicans worked 2 limit power (3 things)
- abolishing whiskey tax
- Limited power of federal govt
- Reduced # of federal jobs
Louisiana Purchase of 1803 - what did Jefferson abandon? What area did the French own?
domestic or foreign policy
- his democratic republic values + acted like a federalist
- Middle of the country including states like Montana,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, and Mississippi River
foreign policy
What territory did France lose? how did Jefferson see this as? Who did he send?
- lost Haitian territory - much harder to get
- Jefferson saw this as an opportunity to gain navigation rights on the Mississippi River
- Sent James Monroe to France w/ 2 million dollars
What did Napoleon offer to Monore - for what? What did Monroe do?
- Louisiana for 15 million
- Since communication was hard back then - Monore took it
Strict Constructionism - who believed in this?
- Strict constructionism - argued federal govt can only do what is explicitly written in const
- Jefferson
How did Jefferson justify the purchase of Louisiana?
- that it will give more opportunities 4 American Indians to move Westward while reducing European influence in the region
Corps Discover led by Lewis and Clark - what did they do?
domestic or foreign policy
- explored Louisiana territory traveling up Missouri River
domestic
Who is John Marshall? What has he done?
- 4th chief justice of Supreme Court
- Has done more to expand federal power and power of the court more than anyone
Marbury v Madison - what was passed by b4 democratic-repu doblicansminated congress?
- judiciary act
What did the judiciary act?
- organization of US Federal Court System
Marbury v Madison - what did John Adams spend doing? What is this known as? What was the federal court dominated by?
- packing seats w/ federalist judge b4 he left
- Known as Midnight Judges
- Federalist judges until Jefferson took office
Who did Jefferson appoint as Secretaries of State when he took office?
- Madison
Who is Marbury? What did he argue? What ended up happening? What did he decide abt Supreme Court? What is this called?
- an appointed judge - from when Adams filled seats w/ federalists
- Argued he had a right to his command/duty under the judiciary act
- Sent to Supreme Court
- Was the final interpreter of const - had auththe ority to declare laws unconst and judiciary act = unconst
- Judicial review - has a right to determine what’s const vs unconst
Mcculloch v Maryland - what was the argument? What did Marshall declare? What overrules what?
- wether state har power to tax q federal bank
- State cannot do that
- National law overrules state law - whenever they contradict
War Hawks
- democratic-republicans in House of Representatives waiting to fight w/ Britainx for America’s honor - wanted war
