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Neuroanatomy 1 > Units 1, 2, and 3 > Flashcards

Units 1, 2, and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The two components of the Central Nervous System?

A

Brain (encephalon)

Spinal Cord

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2
Q

how many cranial nerve pairs are in the PNS?

A

12 cranial pairs

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3
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs are in the PNS?

A

31 spinal nerve pairs

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4
Q

what and where are the Ganglia?

A

Groups of neuron cell bodies clustered together in the PNS

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5
Q

The amount of CSF produced in one day?

A

0.5L

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6
Q

Which part of the lateral ventricle lacks a choroid plexus?

A

Frontal cornu

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7
Q

How many nerve trunks carry preganglionic autonomic neurons away from the spinal cord?

A

6

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8
Q

The rhombencephalon first forms during which embryonic week?

A

week 5-6

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9
Q

Arachnoid mater is continuous with which layer at the IVF?

A

perineurium

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10
Q

Chromatolysis is a process that involves which neuron structure?

A

Nissl substance

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11
Q

List functions of astrocytes?

A

structural support, scar formation, glycogen storage

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12
Q

CSF within the subarachnoid space of the vertebral canal generally ascends into what cistern?

A

pontine

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13
Q

The pineal gland protrudes into what cistern?

A

ambiens

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14
Q

Denticulate ligaments form from what?

A

Pia mater

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15
Q

what are the openings/tubes associated with the fourth ventricle?

A

cerebral aqueduct, central canal, right foramen of luschka, median foramen of Magendie

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16
Q

which vessel is most often associated with pulsating cephalgia?

A

middle meningeal artery

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17
Q

The dura mater fuses to the coccyx via what specific extension?

A

Filum terminale externum

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18
Q

A third ventricle develops within which secondary brain vesicle?

A

diencephalon

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19
Q

which type of oligodendrocyte forms most of the myelin inside the CNS?

A

interfascicular oligodendrocytes

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20
Q

Retrograde intraneuronal movements of chemicals within a neuron are characteristics of what phenomena?

A

axoplasmic transport

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21
Q

where are neurohormones synthesized?

A

in the hypothalamus

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22
Q

how long can a process be?

A

a few microns to 40 inches or a few feet

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23
Q

what are the 4 reasons for lack of success in CNS sprouting?

A

blood capillary permeability changes
excessive glial cell scarring
if it reaches the old target it finds competition for reattachment.
possible allergic reactions

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24
Q

what are the common neurohormones?

A

ADH (vasopressin)
Oxytocin
Releasing Factor Neurohormones

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25
Q

Another name for the interventicular formina

A

Foramina of monro

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26
Q

How does chiropractic relate to the nervous system/neuroanatomy?

A

Adjustments alter/ influence skeletal structures which affect/influence neurological function

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27
Q

what are the components of the CNS?

A 
Brain (encephalon)
spinal cord (medulla spinalis)
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28
Q

describe the histology of CNS blood vessels?

A

thinner walls, internal elastic membranes are absent, considerable thinning at branches, veins are valveless (except a few spinal veins), no vaso vasorum

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29
Q

The myel- gives rise to?

A

Medulla oblongata and 4th ventricle

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30
Q

route of the sigmoid DVS?

A

begin where the transverse leaves the tentorium cerebelli and course along the mastoid process to the jugular foramen

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31
Q

what component of the nervous system innervates skeletal muscle?

A

Somatic

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32
Q

the brains percentage of cardiac output usage?

A

14-17%

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33
Q

how does the arachnoid mater relate to CN2?

A

it forms the cranial nerve sheath as the subarachnoid space and extends to the eyeball.

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34
Q

chromatolysis is sometimes confused with?

A

retispersion

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35
Q

the somatic nervous system has both CNS and PNS structures?

A

true

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36
Q

How many brains will follow the standard pattern of the cerebral arterial circles without anomalies?

A

1/2

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37
Q

Another name for the cerebral aqueduct?

A

cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

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38
Q

how many neurons are involved with efferent impulses in the somatic system?

A

1

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39
Q

where do segmental arteries gains access to the spinal cord?

A

at the intervertebral foramen (IVF)

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40
Q

chief factors of blood brain perusion?

A

arterial blood pressure
blood viscosity
vascular resistance
intercranial pressure

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41
Q

acetylcholine in somatic systems is excitatory or inhibitory?

A

excitatory

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42
Q

the 4th ventricle opens into the pontine cistern in these two places?

A

the lateral foramina or formina of luschka

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43
Q

True or false

we have no conscious control over the visceral systems?

A

true

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44
Q

true or false

every tissue and cell is directly wired into the nervous system

A

false

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45
Q

true or false

both afferent and efferent fibers in the autonomic systems are subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic?

A

false

only efferent, afferent are the same

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46
Q

what causes cephalgia and what can help?

A

the meningeal arteries are sensitive to dilation
acetominophen for pain
caffeine for vasoconstriction

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47
Q

the parasympathetic system utilizes what specific nerves?

A

Cranial nerves 3,7,9,10

sacral nerves 2,3,4

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48
Q

true or false

like the arachnoid mater the pia mater is avascular?

A

false, it is vascular

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49
Q

the Falx cerebri extends from…anteriorly to posteriorly

A

the crista galli, to the internal occipital protuberance

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50
Q

describe the anatomical classification of a unipolar neuron?

A

processes attach to the cell body from the same side and look as if they are one unit.

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51
Q

describe the anatomical classification of a bipolar neuron?

A

processes attach to the cell body on opposite ends and appear as 2 distinct processes.

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52
Q

describe the anatomical classification of a multipolar neuron?

A

only one axon leaves the cell body (though it may latter divide) and many dendrites.

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53
Q

subdural hematoma is most commonly due to?

A

rupture of bridging veins due to shear injury

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54
Q

what is neuropathology?

A

the study of neurological disease

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55
Q

describe efferent sympathetic nerves?

A

there are 2 not 1 as in somatic, the preganglionic neuron is relatively short and synapses with its postganglionic neuron which carries the impulse to target tissues. it is said to be adrenergic since the postganglionic neuron releases norepinephrine to cause changes. it has a pre to post ganglionic ratio of 1:17 and are thus more general in their reaction.

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56
Q

exceptions to sympathetic systems being adrenergic?

A

sweat glands, and arrector pili muscles

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57
Q

the brain is what percentage of adult body weight?

A

2-2.5% uses 20% Oxygen

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58
Q

effects of sympathetics?

A

excitatory in nature (fight or flight) therefore:
speeds heart rate
decreases peristalsis (digestion)
dilates pupil (for more light/better sight)
and dilates respiratory tree (for more oxygen to fight or flee)

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59
Q

symptoms of stroke

A 
unconsciousness
slow pulse
flushed face
slurred speech
headaches and memory loss
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60
Q

glioblasts are also called?

A

nerve glue

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61
Q

is the arachnoid mater vascular?

A

No

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62
Q

the most stable and consistent side of the cerebral arterial circle?

A

the left side from the left internal carotid

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63
Q

is the Falx cerebelli fixed?

A

yes

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64
Q

denticulate ligaments are made of?

A

epipia

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65
Q

functions of astrocyctes?

A 
BBB-blood brain barrier
I- Influence neurotransmitters
S- structural support
S- storage of Oxygen and sugar
S- Scar Tissue
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66
Q

This autonomic system is often referred to as the fight or flight?

A

sympathetic

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67
Q

the die- gives rise to?

A

the thalamus
pineal gland
3rd ventricle

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68
Q

true or false?

astrocyctes are the most numerous cell in the adult nervous system?

A

true

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69
Q

to what are the lateral ventricles connected and how?

A

to the 3rd ventricle by the interventricular foramina of (monro)

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70
Q

fingerlike projections of arachnoid mater into sinus’?

A

arachnoid villi

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71
Q

axoplasmic flow and transport as relating to chiropractic?

A

when pressure is placed on rootlets then flow and transport slow down and cells can die. subluxation can cause cell death.

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72
Q

another name for the cistern ambiens?

A

the cistern of the great cerebral vein, or superior cistern.

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73
Q

treatment for CSF obstruction?

A

surgical shunts

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74
Q

what do astrocytes give rise to and describe them?

A

protoplasmic astrocyctes- gray matter

fibrillar astrocytes- white matter

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75
Q

the nervous system plays a dominant role in _________,__________,_________ of body responses to internal and external demand.

A

coordination, association and intergration

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76
Q

pia mater means?

A

tender mother

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77
Q

what empties into the straight dura venous sinus (DVS)?

A

the inferior sagittal DVS and great cerebral vein

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78
Q

name and describe the third autonomic system?

A
  1. the enteric system is the intrinsic system of the gut.
  2. encompasses from esophagus to anal verge.
  3. utilizes peristaltic reflexes
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79
Q

In the CNS, is myelin associated with schwann cells?

A

no, it is interfascicular oligodendrocytes

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80
Q

what to oligodendrocyctes give rise to and describe them?

A

perineuronal satellites- gray matter, nutrient

interfascicular- white matter, CNS myelin

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81
Q

Location of the Lumbar cistern?

A

around the conus medullaris to the upper sacral canal (S2)

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82
Q

where are the shunts ususally redirected to?

A 
right atrium of the heart
cisterna magna 
pleural cavities
peritoneum
lumbar cul de sac
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83
Q

the sympathetic system utilizes what spinal nerves?

A

T1-L2

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84
Q

why do most substances not find easy access to the brain via the bloodstream?

A

the Blood Brain Barrier

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85
Q

these cells line the ventricles of the brain and serve as a leaky barrier?

A

ependymal cells

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86
Q

clinical aids in detecting CSF obstruction?

A 
pneumoencephalography
ventriculargraphy
myelograms
CAT scans
MRI
PET
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87
Q

true or false

as with the other meningeal layers, the PIA mater doesn’t dip into all the fissures and sulci of the brain and cord.

A

False,

it does dip into them

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88
Q

how many total nerves are in the PNS?

A

86

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89
Q

list the less common forms of glioma?

A

oligodendroglioma
oligoastrocytoma
gliosarcoma
choroid plexus tumore

90
Q

is the dura, a vascular tissue?

A

yes but only a few capillaries, with arteries running on top of it

91
Q

the parasympathetic system is also known as?

A

craniosacral

92
Q

describe neuroblasts

A

little mitotic ability, depend on astrocytes to guide them as they spread through the CNS, damaged by alcohol and radiation as a fetus.

93
Q

location of the pontine cistern?

A

Anterior of Pons

94
Q

where was the 1985 international congress of anatomy held?

A

london

95
Q

how many openings are in the 4th ventricle and name them?

A 
there are 5 openings
right and left lateral foramen of luschka
median foramen of magendi
central canal
and the cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
96
Q

what are the functional classifications of neurons?

A

internuncial (entirely in CNS), afferent and efferent

97
Q

which substances are able to cross the BBB and which cant?

A

lipid soluble can

water soluble cant

98
Q

true or false

in the vertebral canal the dura still has two layers?

A

false

it has only one layer

99
Q

how many peptides are neurotransmitters?

A

40

100
Q

what are the potential types of perikaryon?

A 
F- Fusiform
P- Pyramidal
R- Round
o- Oval
S- Stellate (star shaped)
101
Q

what is white matter?

A

groups of myelinated axons

102
Q

what are the stages of development?

A 
zygote
morula
blastocyst
inner and outer cell mass
primitive streak
mesoderm
notochord
induction of nervous system within ectoderm: neural plate, groove, fold-neural tube and crest cells
103
Q

location of the superior cistern?

A

deep within the transverse cerebral fissure, superior to cerebellum posterior to pineal gland and midbrain.

104
Q

leading cause of death in males and females over 25 with high blood pressure and arteriosclerosis?

A

stroke or CVA

105
Q

hollow filaments made of protein?

A

neurofibrils

106
Q

this is the processes of an efferent process?

A

telodendria

107
Q

where are the neurochemicals usually stored?

A

in the vesicles or near the parasympathetic membranes

108
Q

is there myelin in CNS structures?

A

yes

on structures greater than 1 micron

109
Q

why have a nucleus or centrosome if there is no mitosis?

A

because it still acts as a command center and direct cell function

110
Q

where in a neuron are mitochondria most abundant?

A

soma and telodendria

111
Q

meningeal double layers extending into a few brain fissures are known as?

A

Dural Falces

112
Q

name and describe the 3 common types of brain tumors

A

astrocytoma- most common
oligoblastoma- most deadly (6month-1year)
ependymoma- fills ventricles

113
Q

describe CSF

A

clear, colorless, mostly water, few cells, higher concentration of NA+,Cl-, Mg++ ions than blood, but lower in Ca++, K+, glucose and protein.

114
Q

function of nissl bodies?

A

staining

115
Q

are astrocytes mitotic?

A

No

116
Q

Name the secondary vesicles and where they stem from?

A
  1. prosecephalon divides into diencephalon and telencephalon.
  2. mesencephalon stays the mesencephalon
  3. the Rhombencephalon divides into Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
117
Q

large cephalic expansions of the neural tube with accompanying expansions of the central canal are?

A

brain ventricles

118
Q

which structural classes of neuron perform which functions?

A

unipolar- sensory
bipolar- special senses
multipolar- motor
internucial- connect sensory and motor

119
Q

this is a process that joins similar processes?

A

collateral branch

120
Q

describe fetal development and responsiveness?

A

8 weeks- embryo can respond to stimuli (pain)
10 weeks- spontaneously active, movement
12 weeks- can grasp

121
Q

how much blood is perfused through the brain each minute?

A

800ml

122
Q

is the somatic nervous system cholinergic or adrenergic? define both terms

A

its Cholinergic
cholinergic systems cause nerve impulsse through the release of acetylcholine.
Adrenergic systems effect impulse by the release of norepinephrine.

123
Q

incoming nerves are________ and outgoing nerves are__________?

A

afferent, efferent

124
Q

area where the pia mater extends around the arteriole?

A

pial coat

125
Q

collection of blood in the subarachnoid space?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage?

126
Q

dominately long process?

A

nerve fiber

127
Q

is the somatic nervous system autonomic or voluntary?

A

Voluntary

128
Q

true or false

myelin is any covering on a nerve process?

A

false

it is only called myelin if it wraps several times other than that it is just a neurolemma

129
Q

true or false?

there is myelin covering on telodendria, perikaryon, and the hillock?

A

false

it is only over the long processes

130
Q

true or false

myelin can form on processes smaller than 1 micron?

A

false

as a rule myelin seldom forms on neuron fibers less than 1 micron.

131
Q

effects of parasympathetics?

A 
more relaxing in nature therefore: 
slows the heart rate
speeds peristalsis (digestion)
constricts pupils
constricts respiratory tree
132
Q

describe continuous capillaries?

A

no fenestra, no holes, tight junctions between cells, thick basement membrane

133
Q

nerve grafts

A

rejoined ends of severed nerves, the gap between them is filled by a graft, sural nerve autografts are most common, it serves as scaffolding for revascularization and innervation, success is never complete

134
Q

blood vessels going or coming from the CNS reconducted through this?

A

epipial layer of pia

135
Q

when a golgi apparatus fragments during injury?

A

retispersion

136
Q

most common site of strokes?

A

middle cerebral artery

137
Q

compare the brain at birth to the adult brain?

A

at birth- it is 10% of body weight (300-400g) and uses 60% of oxygen.
in adult- 2-2.5% of body weight (1400g avg) and uses 20% oxygen.

138
Q

where the Flax cerebelli fixed to?

A

the internal occipital crest

139
Q

the area between nodes of ranvier?

A

internode

140
Q

location of the superior petrosal DVS?

A

along the crest of the petrous parts of the temporal bones at the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli

141
Q

how much of a nerve cross section many epineurium consume?

A

25-85%

142
Q

what percentage of stroke or CVA is ischemic and hemorrhage?

A

85% ischemic, 10% hemorrhage

143
Q

tufted prolongations of arachnoid mater that herniate into the dura mater, associated with the lining of DVS?

A

arachnoid villi

144
Q

regeneration side notes?

A
  • sprouts may have 10-40 pseudopodial extensions from the damaged fiber, all of which regress except the one that attaches.
  • rate of regeneration varies but is close to axoplasmic flow 1-4mm/day.
  • remyelination starts after the schwann cell and sprout reach the target site.
  • neuron sprout and surrounding cell may aid each other.
145
Q

another name for the confluence of the sinuses?

A

torcular herophili

146
Q

true or false

like schwann cell myelin coverings, oligodendrocytes cover only one cell>

A

false

they can cover parts of 40 or more

147
Q

what are the other names for the components of the CNS

A

encephalon

medulla spinalis

148
Q

these penetrate the cranial vault and can be a path for infections to spread to DVS as a result of?

A

middle ear emissary veins

149
Q

what 2 things determine the speed of impulse conduction velocity?

A

thickness of fiber and myelin thickness

150
Q

has fine reticular elastic fibers that adhere to CNS structures?

A

inner pia intima

151
Q

can a damaged neuron regenerate a lost of damaged part?

A

it depends on the extent of the damage

152
Q

if a neuron degenerates, do the neurons that follow it also degenerate

A

no

153
Q

name and describe the various forms of internuncial neurons?

A

commissural- between equivalent structures on opposite sides of the CNS
projection- begins in one structure and ends in another
intrasegmental- in the spinal cord it begins and end sat the same level
intersegmental- in the spinal cord it begins and ends in different levels
ipsilateral- stays on the opposite side
contralateral- crosses to the opposite side

154
Q

discuss glioblasts

A
  • functional connective tissue
  • non conductile
  • 10x more than neurons
  • undergo mitosis but little after 5 years
155
Q

what is the vertebral duras relationship to spinal nerves?

A

the dura becomes continuous with the 31 nerve pair coverings which act as 31 pairs of stabilizers similar to meningovertebral ligaments

156
Q

are Cns grafts possible?

A

they have been attempted using fetal and embryonic tissues in scandinavia, mexico, and the USA

157
Q

Loaction of the straight DVS?

A

at the junction of the Falx Cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, and falx cerebelli running posteriorly to the confluence

158
Q

can cause over production of CSF resulting in increased cranial pressure?

A

tumors of the choroid plexus, papillomas

159
Q

what is in the epidural space?

A

areolar and adipose tissue as well as a complex internal vertebral venous plexus

160
Q

the major topic of the 1985 international congress of anatomy in london, england?

A

the role of co-transmitters

161
Q

where doe sthe occipital DVS empty and in what direction?

A

left into the left transverse DVS

162
Q

where does the fuse?

A

fused to the rim of the foramen magnum, and via the filum terminale to the dorsal surface of the sacrum and first coccygeal segment.

163
Q

what is the relationship between schwann cells and fiber thickness?

A

the thicker the fiber, the longer the schwann cell?

164
Q

true or false

the subarachnoid space is an empty space with a fixed distance of 1/2 inch

A

false

it is filled with CSF and arachnoid trabeculae and varies from 1/8 to 2 inches

165
Q

describe the vertebral canal dura and how it is different from the cranial dura?

A

the inner meningeal layer is more collagenous, the outer periosteal layer is absent (it ends at the foramen magnum), there is an actual space called the epidural space

166
Q

does the superior sagittal DVS contain CSF?

A

yes

used CSF enters the superior sagittal DVS via the arachnoid villi

167
Q

true or false

the somatic nervous system has both efferent and afferent nerves?

A

true

168
Q

because the nervous system is so specialized it is inadequately equipped for _________ and _________>

A

storing excess oxygen and sugar, and maintains little mitosis capacity

169
Q

these penetrate the arachnoid and fuse to the dura in the vertebral canal?

A

denticulate ligaments

170
Q

important peptide hormone details?

A

substance P- pain pathways, 11 amino acid sequence
1973- specific receptor sites for opiates in CNS are found
1975- natural Opiates (enkehalins) discovered
1977- larger peptide with longer effects (endorphins) are found

171
Q

what are the 3 meninges?

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

172
Q

another name for dura mater?

A

tough mother

173
Q

describe dural innervation?

A

supatentorially- CN 5,8

Infratentorially- CN 10

174
Q

what is myelin composed of?

A

phospholipid/ cholesterol and neurokeratin (protein)

175
Q

describe the 3rd ventricle?

A

a narrow opening in the substance of the diencephalon

176
Q

true or false

the arachnoid mater dips with the dura mater into fissures and sulci

A

true

but only where the dura does

177
Q

what is another name for the inner dural layer?

A

meningeal dura

178
Q

true or false

neurons may secrete any of the possibe types of neurotransmitters

A

false

only one type per neuron

179
Q

how many neurochemicals are there?

A

30 well established but as many as 100

180
Q

blood in the superior sagittal DVS runs in what direction into what structure?

A

it runs right, into the right transverse DVS

181
Q

describe the openings of the 4th ventricle?

A

right and left lateral foramen of luschka- connects the 4th ventricle to the pontine cistern
median foramen of magendi- opens into the cisterna magna
central canal- opens into the central canal
cerebral aqueduct of sylvius- this connects the superior 3rd ventricle to the 4th

182
Q

the space created around the arteriole by the pial coat?

A

perivascular space or virchow-robin space

183
Q

examples of lipid and water soluble substances?

A

lipid-lipids, caffeine, cocaine, alcohol, nicotine, vitamin B6 and B12, L-dopa
water- Botulism, Dopamine

184
Q

what is the significance of the node of ranvier and the xposure of the nerve fiber?

A

it is the point that a collateral branch will form if there is one.

185
Q

what supplies the majority of blood to the brain?

A

internal carotid arteries

186
Q

describe the various axon junctions?

A

axoaxonic- the axon synapses on the axon
axodendritic- the axon synapses on the dendrite
axosomatic- the axon synapses on the cell body

187
Q

which areas or the spinal cord are particularly vulnerable to arterial problems and why?

A

due to minimal anastomoses, posterior surface of T1-T3 and anterior surface of T4 and L1

188
Q

true or false

in the cranial vault the dura has a single layer?

A

false

it has 2

189
Q

sites for CSF obstruction?

A

interventricular foramen
median lateral foramen
cerebral aqueduct
subarachnoid space near tentorium hiatus

190
Q

true or false

afferent nerves in all types of systems, somatic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic, utilize only 1 cell?

A

true

191
Q

where do nerves originate in somatic systems?

A

the spinal cord

192
Q

describe the location of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

under the occipital lobes like a tent over the cerebellum

193
Q

where does the tentorium cerebelli attach?

A

to the lateral occipital bone and the superior crest of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. the forward portion is along the posterior clinoids of the sphenoid

194
Q

location of the interpeduncular cistern?

A

between cerebral peduncles, anterior part of the midbrain

195
Q

true or false

generally the thicker the neuron fiber the thicker the myelin?

A

true

196
Q

true or false

like other hematomas subarachnoid hemorrhages are caused only by trauma

A

false
they can be traumatic from cerebral contusions or nontraumatic (spontaneous) associated with a ruptured aneurysm or AV malformation.

197
Q

what does the diaphragma sellae form?

A

the roof of the sella tursica (pituitary fossa)

198
Q

an extension away from the body?

A

process

199
Q

the purpose of the Falces?

A

they compartmentalize the cranial vault, act as baffles, and support the weight of the brain protect it from blows to the head

200
Q

explain the terms supratentorial and infratentorial?

A

supra- above the tentorium

infra-below the tentorium

201
Q

how much CSF is made in the choroid plexus?

A

70-80% of total CSF production

202
Q

true or false

though different from blood CSF is similar to brain interstitial fluid?

A

true

203
Q

a collection of blood between meningeal dura and arachnoid?`

A

subdural hematoma

204
Q

other sites for CSF production besides the choroid plexus?

A

brain capillaries and enters ventricles by ependymal cells

205
Q

these are processes of afferent processes?

A

dendrite spine

206
Q

where is the Falx cerebelli located?

A

where the Dura dips between the cerebellar hemispheres in the posterior cerebellar notch

207
Q

how are the simple squamous cells of the arachnoid mater unusual?

A

they can become motile and phagocytic

208
Q

discuss arachnoid meningiomas?

A

it gives rise to many though the quickly attach to the dura mater and appear to be dural tumors

209
Q

the arachnoid mater and pia mater make up the?

A

leptomeninges

210
Q

if a neuron is damaged will it divide?

A

no

211
Q

another name for arachnoid villi?

A

pacchionian bodies (when calcified) or villi

212
Q

what are stalk or pillar like formations of white matter?

A

peduncles

213
Q

true or false

the subdural space is a real space and not a potential space?

A

false

it is a potential space

214
Q

what is neurophysiology?

A

the study of neurological function

215
Q

how many parts do the lateral ventricles have?

A 
5
anterior /frontal horn
ventricular body
collateral trigone (atrium)
inferior/ temporal horn
posterior/ occipital horn
216
Q

areas where the subarachnoid space is particularly deep?

A

subarachnoid cisternae

217
Q

name the components of the subarachnoid cisternae?

A 
cisterna magna
cisterna ambiens
pontine cistern
interpeduncular cistern
lumbad cistern
218
Q

the superior sagittal DVS receives blood from?

A

scalp
bones
cerebrum

219
Q

causes of CSF obstruction?

A

tumors

congenitally small or absent openings/aqueducts

220
Q

the Met- gives rise to?

A

cerebellum
pons
4th ventricle

221
Q

the thickest meninge

A

dura mater

Neuroanatomy 1 (7 decks)

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