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Neuroanatomy 1 > Appendix A > Flashcards

Appendix A Flashcards

0
Q

Vertebrata

A

Subphylum in which man is classified

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1
Q

Chordata

A

Phylum in which man is classified

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2
Q

Mammalia

A

Class in which man is classified

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3
Q

Homo sapiens

A

Proper way to write the genus and species of man

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4
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland

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5
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”

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6
Q

Epiphysis Cerebri

A

Pineal Gland (body)

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7
Q

hypophysis Cerebri

A

pituitary gland (entire structure)

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8
Q

Fetus

A

Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)

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9
Q

Embryo

A

the name given to the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation

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10
Q

Neonate

A

The newborn infant (at this point we are calling them fred, sally, etc)

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11
Q

Dentate

A

Notched or toothlike

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12
Q

Arcuate

A

Arranged like an arch

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13
Q

Striae (striatal)

A

A groove or streak-like formation

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14
Q

Rectus

A

Means straight

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15
Q

Reticular

A

Net-like

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16
Q

Fissure

A

A relatively deep groove (infolding)

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17
Q

Sulcus

A

A relatively shallow groove (infolding)

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18
Q

Gyrus

A

Tortuous convolution. Usually found between sulci or/and fissures of the cerebrum

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19
Q

Folia

A

small page-like gyri of the cerebellum

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20
Q

Nuclei

A

As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS

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21
Q

Ganglia

A

A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (a few exceptions do exist within the CNS)

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22
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell

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23
Q

Perikaryon

A

Used synonymously with the cell body (soma) of the neuron

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24
Q

Axon

A

A process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body (perikaryon)

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25
Q

Dendrite

A

A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body

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26
Q

Fiber

A

If a neuron has a dominately long process (dendrite or axon) that process can be called a “fiber”. It may be designated also as a “nerve fiber” or a “neuron fiber”.

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27
Q

Nerve

A

These are the whitish appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers which innervate the body’s parts

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28
Q

Ramus

A

Literally means a branch. In neurology we call the major branches off the spinal nerve trunks, the white ramus, gray ramus, dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, etc.

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29
Q

Axolemma

A

Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of an axon

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30
Q

Neurilemma

A

A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell ( it may or may not be myelinated)

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31
Q

Vertebral Canal (neural canal)

A

Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina

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32
Q

Central Canal

A

A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata

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33
Q

Aqueduct

A

Passageway… E.x. Cerebral Aqueduct ( of Sylvius)

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34
Q

Leptomeninx

A

Thin membrane. collective term for the arachnoid mater and pia mater

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35
Q

Pachymeninx

A

Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura mater

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36
Q

Somesthetic

A

to sense the body

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37
Q

Modality

A

A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc.

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38
Q

Proprioception

A

The modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

39
Q

Kinesthesia

A

The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

40
Q

Adrenergic

A

The releasing of adrenalin-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site.

41
Q

Cholinergic

A

The releasing of choline-like (acetylcholine) molecules at a target site

42
Q

Chiasma

A

A crossing- usually relating to the crossing of optic fibers (e.g.- optic chiasma)

43
Q

Decussation

A

A crossing- used more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS

44
Q

Contralateral

A

to the opposite side

45
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

46
Q

Anterograde

A

Going forward. In neurology often refers to going away from the neuron cell body.

47
Q

Retrograde

A

Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body

48
Q

Fugal

A

Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix. e.g.- pallidafugal (away from the pallidal nuclei)

49
Q

Lesion

A

Any Type of injury, damage or “hurt” can be called a lesion

50
Q

Myelopathy

A

Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)

51
Q

Necrosis

A

Deadness. Dead of cells or tissue

52
Q

Neoplasm (tumor)

A

any new abnormal growth

53
Q

Malignant

A

Spreading life threatening neoplasm

54
Q

Metastatic

A

Transferring to other tissue

55
Q

Idiopathic

A

Generally used to mean something of unknown cause

56
Q

Ischemia

A

Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis.

57
Q

Hematoma

A

An accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels (e.g.-subdural hematoma, etc)

58
Q

Aneurysm

A

An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen (forms a blood containing sac)

59
Q

Stroke

A

Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage (cerebrovascular accident)

60
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes

61
Q

Myelography

A

X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF.

62
Q

Ataxia

A

General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination

63
Q

Paralysis

A

Total of partial loss of normal motor function

64
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs.

65
Q

Dysphasia

A

A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability

66
Q

Archi

A

Prefix meaning beginning or original

67
Q

Paleo

A

Prefix meaning “old”- similar to but not used interchangeably with “Archi” in the CNS

68
Q

Neo

A

Prefix meaning “new”- usually in contrast to archi or paleo

69
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Horses’ tail….

70
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache ( also spelled Cephalalgia)

71
Q

Cornu

A

Horn-like projection (cornua is plural)

72
Q

Crus

A

Leg or Leg-like

73
Q

Cytoarchitecture

A

The pattern of cell arrangements

74
Q

Falx

A

Sickle-shaped (Falces is plural)

75
Q

Fenestra

A

Window-like

76
Q

Foramen

A

Opening (such as foramen magnum)

77
Q

Glial

A

Literally mean “glue-like”. Several CNS cell types are included as Glial cells

78
Q

Micron

A

A metric system unit of length. The word means “small” and is measured at 1x10-6 meters. is its abbreviation (Micron and Micrometer are synonymous terms)

79
Q

Operculum

A

Means lid or covering

80
Q

Pallium

A

To “cloak”. Used synonymously with “cortex” (e.g.- Cerebral cortex is the same as cerebral pallium)

81
Q

Pons

A

Bridge. Located between the M.O and the midbrain (a subdivision of the brain stem)

82
Q

BBB

A

Blood Brain Barrier

83
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

84
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

85
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack (often precedes the CVA) or RIND (Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit)

86
Q

DRG

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

87
Q

IVF

A

Intervertebral Foramen (opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)

88
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram (graph). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves

89
Q

CAT

A

Computerized Axial Tomography device (employs X-rays and is widely used)

90
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (utilizes large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecules)

91
Q

PET

A

Positron Emission Tomography (device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis)

92
Q

M.O.

A

Medulla Oblongata

93
Q

M.S.

A

Multiple sclerosis

94
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigh’s Disease)

95
Q

GABA

A

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter

96
Q

ACH

A

Acetylcholine (First neurotransmitter identified-widespread in CNS and PNS)

Neuroanatomy 1 (7 decks)

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