Appendix A Flashcards
0
Q
Vertebrata
A
Subphylum in which man is classified
1
Q
Chordata
A
Phylum in which man is classified
2
Q
Mammalia
A
Class in which man is classified
3
Q
Homo sapiens
A
Proper way to write the genus and species of man
4
Q
Adenohypophysis
A
The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland
5
Q
Neurohypophysis
A
The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”
6
Q
Epiphysis Cerebri
A
Pineal Gland (body)
7
Q
hypophysis Cerebri
A
pituitary gland (entire structure)
8
Q
Fetus
A
Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)
9
Q
Embryo
A
the name given to the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation
10
Q
Neonate
A
The newborn infant (at this point we are calling them fred, sally, etc)
11
Q
Dentate
A
Notched or toothlike
12
Q
Arcuate
A
Arranged like an arch
13
Q
Striae (striatal)
A
A groove or streak-like formation
14
Q
Rectus
A
Means straight
15
Q
Reticular
A
Net-like
16
Q
Fissure
A
A relatively deep groove (infolding)
17
Q
Sulcus
A
A relatively shallow groove (infolding)
18
Q
Gyrus
A
Tortuous convolution. Usually found between sulci or/and fissures of the cerebrum
19
Q
Folia
A
small page-like gyri of the cerebellum
20
Q
Nuclei
A
As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS
21
Q
Ganglia
A
A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (a few exceptions do exist within the CNS)
22
Q
Neuron
A
A nerve cell
23
Q
Perikaryon
A
Used synonymously with the cell body (soma) of the neuron
24
Axon
A process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body (perikaryon)
25
Dendrite
A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body
26
Fiber
If a neuron has a dominately long process (dendrite or axon) that process can be called a "fiber". It may be designated also as a "nerve fiber" or a "neuron fiber".
27
Nerve
These are the whitish appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers which innervate the body's parts
28
Ramus
Literally means a branch. In neurology we call the major branches off the spinal nerve trunks, the white ramus, gray ramus, dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, etc.
29
Axolemma
Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of an axon
30
Neurilemma
A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell ( it may or may not be myelinated)
31
Vertebral Canal (neural canal)
Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina
32
Central Canal
A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata
33
Aqueduct
Passageway... E.x. Cerebral Aqueduct ( of Sylvius)
34
Leptomeninx
Thin membrane. collective term for the arachnoid mater and pia mater
35
Pachymeninx
Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura mater
36
Somesthetic
to sense the body
37
Modality
A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc.
38
Proprioception
The modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
39
Kinesthesia
The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
40
Adrenergic
The releasing of adrenalin-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site.
41
Cholinergic
The releasing of choline-like (acetylcholine) molecules at a target site
42
Chiasma
A crossing- usually relating to the crossing of optic fibers (e.g.- optic chiasma)
43
Decussation
A crossing- used more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS
44
Contralateral
to the opposite side
45
Ipsilateral
On the same side
46
Anterograde
Going forward. In neurology often refers to going away from the neuron cell body.
47
Retrograde
Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body
48
Fugal
Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix. e.g.- pallidafugal (away from the pallidal nuclei)
49
Lesion
Any Type of injury, damage or "hurt" can be called a lesion
50
Myelopathy
Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)
51
Necrosis
Deadness. Dead of cells or tissue
52
Neoplasm (tumor)
any new abnormal growth
53
Malignant
Spreading life threatening neoplasm
54
Metastatic
Transferring to other tissue
55
Idiopathic
Generally used to mean something of unknown cause
56
Ischemia
Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis.
57
Hematoma
An accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels (e.g.-subdural hematoma, etc)
58
Aneurysm
An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen (forms a blood containing sac)
59
Stroke
Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage (cerebrovascular accident)
60
Angiography
X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes
61
Myelography
X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF.
62
Ataxia
General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination
63
Paralysis
Total of partial loss of normal motor function
64
Aphasia
Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs.
65
Dysphasia
A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability
66
Archi
Prefix meaning beginning or original
67
Paleo
Prefix meaning "old"- similar to but not used interchangeably with "Archi" in the CNS
68
Neo
Prefix meaning "new"- usually in contrast to archi or paleo
69
Cauda Equina
Horses' tail....
70
Cephalgia
Headache ( also spelled Cephalalgia)
71
Cornu
Horn-like projection (cornua is plural)
72
Crus
Leg or Leg-like
73
Cytoarchitecture
The pattern of cell arrangements
74
Falx
Sickle-shaped (Falces is plural)
75
Fenestra
Window-like
76
Foramen
Opening (such as foramen magnum)
77
Glial
Literally mean "glue-like". Several CNS cell types are included as Glial cells
78
Micron
A metric system unit of length. The word means "small" and is measured at 1x10-6 meters. is its abbreviation (Micron and Micrometer are synonymous terms)
79
Operculum
Means lid or covering
80
Pallium
To "cloak". Used synonymously with "cortex" (e.g.- Cerebral cortex is the same as cerebral pallium)
81
Pons
Bridge. Located between the M.O and the midbrain (a subdivision of the brain stem)
82
BBB
Blood Brain Barrier
83
CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
84
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident
85
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack (often precedes the CVA) or RIND (Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit)
86
DRG
Dorsal Root Ganglia
87
IVF
Intervertebral Foramen (opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)
88
EEG
Electroencephalogram (graph). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves
89
CAT
Computerized Axial Tomography device (employs X-rays and is widely used)
90
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (utilizes large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecules)
91
PET
Positron Emission Tomography (device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis)
92
M.O.
Medulla Oblongata
93
M.S.
Multiple sclerosis
94
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigh's Disease)
95
GABA
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter
96
ACH
Acetylcholine (First neurotransmitter identified-widespread in CNS and PNS)
