unit2 Flashcards
Abrupt (adj.)
əˈbrəpt
Synonym: sudden, unexpected
Collocation: change, halt, departure (n.)
Example: I was surprised by the abrupt ending to the conversation
abrupt halt سکته ناگهانی
ناگهانی - گستاخ - حاضر جواب
Bizarre (adj.)
bəˈzɑːr
Synonym: peculiar, outlandish
Collocation: find (v.) / quite, somewhat (adv.)
Example: I found the whole situation quite bizarre.
a bizarre appearance of the natives
عجیب و غریب منفی
peculiar (adj.)
pəˈkjuːljər
Synonym: Bizarre , outlandish
Example: I feel peculiar today
شگفت انگیز مثبت
outlandish (adj.)
aʊˈtlændɪʃ
Synonym: Bizarre ,peculiar
Example: he always were outlandish cloths
Example: How can she wear that outlandish hat to a business meeting?
عجیب و غریب، بیگانه وار
Coincide (v.)
/ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd/
Synonym: concur, coexist
Collocation: be timed to (v.) / with (prep.)
Example: The singer’s arrival was timed to coincide with the opening of the festival
مصادف شدن
concur (v.)
/kənˈkɜːr/
Synonym: Coincide , coexist
strongly concur with that idea.
هم رای بودن
coexist (v.)
/ˌkoʊɪgˈzɪst/
Synonym: Coincide , concur
Example: america and china realized that they must coexist
همزیستی کردن
Commence (v.)
Synonym: begin, initiate
Collocation: operations (n.) / commence something. Commence doing something. Commence to do something
آغاز کردن
initiate (transitive verb)
ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌet
Synonym: begin, Commence
Example: She is not allowed to make diagnoses, initiate drug treatment, or certify death.
او مجاز به تشخیص، شروع درمان دارویی، یا گواهی مرگ نیست
Disinterested (adj.)
/ˌdɪˈsɪntrəstəd/
Synonym: unbiased, impartial
Collocation: onlooker, spectator (n.)
Example: Her advice appeared to be disinterested.
بی طرف ، علاقه نداشتن
unbiased (adj.)
/ˌənˈbaɪəst/
Synonym: Disinterested, impartial
do you think your opinion is truly unbiased?
عاری ازتعصب
impartial (adj.)
/ˌɪmˈpɑːrʃl̩/
Synonym: unbiased, Disinterested
a judge must be impartial and a partial judge belongs in prision
منصفانه، بی غرض
onlooker (n.)
ɒnˌlʊkər
Example: It was like having a third person, an onlooker, in the room.
تماشاچی، تماشاگر
spectator (n.)
/ˈspektetər/
Synonym: observer, onlooker
Example: I prefer to do my exercises without spectators.
تماشاگر، بیننده
Distort (v.)
/ˌdɪˈstɔːrt/
Synonym: misrepresent, misstate
Collocation: slightly, deliberately (adv.)
Example: Newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth.
Example: distorting your view
تحریف کردن، از شکل طبیعی انداختن
dis منفی ساز
misrepresent (v.)
/ˌmɪsˌreprəˈzent/
Synonym: Distort, misstate
Some sellers will attempt to misrepresent the condition of a house to buyers.
بدجلوه دادن، بدنمایش دادن
misstate (v.)
/ˌmɪsˈsteɪt/
Synonym: Distort, misrepresent
Be careful not to misstate your case.
درست بیان نکردن، غلط اظهار داشتن
Elaborate (adj.)
/ɪˈlab(ə)rət/
Synonym: sophisticated, intricate
Collocation: highly, exceptionally (adv.) / be, Seem, sound (v.)
Example: highly elaborate carvings on the cave walls
Example: elaborate equipment
استادانه درست شده ، به تفضیل و دقت شرح دادن
intricate (adj.)
/ˈɪntrəkət/
Synonym: sophisticated, Elaborated
Example: the intricate designs on a butterfly’s wing
پیچیده، بغرنج ، پر از جزئیات ظریف و درهم پیچیده
Engender (v.)
/enˈdʒendər/
Synonym: generate, give rise to
Collocation: controversy, feelings, problems (n.)
Example: The place engendered immediate feelings of friendship and belonging
ایجاد کردن
give rise to (v.)
Synonym: generate, Engender
so many things concurred to give rise to the problem.
Unhygienic conditions give rise to disease.
موجب شدن ، باعث بروز شدن
controversy (N.)
/ˈkɑːntrəˌvərsi/
Example: the new leader tried to avoid controversy
مباحثه، مشاجره
Fragile (adj.)
/ˈfrædʒəl/
Synonym: brittle, delicate
Collocation: alliance, cease fire, (n.) / be, look, seem (v.) / exceedingly, extremely (adv.)
Example: The economy remains extremely fragile.
ضعیف، شکستنی،نازک نارنجی
brittle (adj.)
/ˈbrɪtl̩/
Synonym: Fragile , delicate
As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle.
شکننده، ترد
Intensify (v.)
/ˌɪnˈtensəˌfaɪ/
Synonym: heighten, escalate
Collocation: tend to, appear to (v.)
Example: the extreme cold intensified over the night
تشدید کردن
heighten(v.)
/ˈhaɪtn̩/
Synonym: Intensify , escalate
Increased levels of fat in the diet could heighten the risk of cancer.
بالا بردن
escalate(v.)
/ˈeskəˌlet/
Synonym: Intensify ,heighten
We do not want to escalate the war.
(جنگ و آتش سوزی و غیره) بالا گرفتن، فزونی یافتن
Lucrative (adj.)
/ˈluːkrətɪv/
Synonym: profitable, rewarding
Collocation: contract, business (n.) / potentially, highly (adv.)
Example: A financially lucrative venture
پرمنفعت
profitable (adj.)
/ˈprɑːfətəbl̩/
Synonym: rewarding ,Lucrative
The deal was profitable to all of us.
مفید، سودبخش
rewarding (adj.)
/rəˈwɔːrdɪŋ/
Synonym: profitable, Lucrative
Teaching can be a very rewarding career.
پر ارزش، پر پاداش
Massive (adj.)
/ˈmæsɪv/
Synonym: gigantic, enormous
Collocation: accumulation, increase (n.)
Example: a massive increase in fast food consumption.
بزرگ، عظیم
accumulation
/əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃn̩/
Collocation: aggregation, collection, gathering
Her only interest was the accumulation of money.
انباشتگی، ذخیره
gigantic (adj.)
/dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/
Synonym: Massive , enormous
a gigantic building -a gigantic victory
غول پیکر- عظیم
Obsolete (adj.)
/ˈɑːbsəˌlit/
Synonym: Outdated, outmoded
Collocation: make sth, be, become (v.)
Example: With technological changes many traditional skills have become obsolete.
متروکه، متروک، منسوخ، کهنه
Outdated (adj.)
Synonym: Obsolete, outmoded
-his style is outdated
Synonym: Obsolete , outmoded
منسوخ، قدیمی
outmoded (adj.)
Synonym: Outdated, Obsolete
The political system has become thoroughly outmoded.
از مد افتاده، منسوخ
Plague (v.)
/ˈpleɪɡ/
Synonym: torment, harass
Collocation: plague sb/sth with sth
Example: The project has been plagued by delays.
بلاء، افت، طاعون، آزار رساندن
torment (v.)
/ˈtɔːrˌment/
Synonym: Plague , harass
the torment of the mother whose son was dying
شکنجه، عذاب
harass (v.)
/həˈræs/
Synonym: Plague , torment
I feel harass by all the work at the office.
اذیت کردن، بستوه اوردن
Presumably (adv.)
/prəˈzuːməbli/
Synonym: Probably, apparently
Example: I couldn’t concentrate, presumably because I was so tired.
احتمالا
Secluded (adj.)
/sɪˈkluːdəd/
Synonym: isolated, private
Collocation: a secluded garden, beach, spot (n.)
Example: We managed to find a fairly secluded spot for our picnic
خلوت ، دنج
isolated (adj.)
/ˈaɪsəˌletəd/
Synonym: Secluded, private
Example: an isolated place
جدا افتاده ، مجزا
Shortcoming (n.)
Synonym: flaw, defect
Example: She made me aware of my own shortcomings
قصور ، نقطه ضعف
flaw (n.)
/ˈflɒ/
Synonym: Shortcoming , defect
Example: The most serious flaw in his character is his dishonesty.
a flaw in a gem or a crystal vase جواهر
عیب، اشوب ناگهانی، تند باد، ترک
defect (n.)
/ˈdiːfekt/
Synonym: Shortcoming ,flaw
Example: He was born with a hearing defect.
نقص ، کمبود ، پناهنده سیاسی شدن
Suppress (v.)
/səˈpres/
Synonym: repress, subdue
Collocation: suppress sth.
Example: The rebellion was brutally suppressed
خودداری کردن، سرکوب کردن
repress (v.)
/riˈpres/
Synonym: Suppress , subdue
Example: to repress one’s laughter جلوی خنده ی خود را گرفتن
the audience could not repress their tears
فرو نشاندن، سرکوب کردن
subdue (v.)
/səbˈduː/
Synonym: Suppress ,repress
he managed to subdue his anger
He forced himself to subdue and overcome his fears.
رام کردن، تسلیم کردن
rebellion (n.)
/rəˈbeljən/
Example: the rebellion of the chinese people against the tyrannical government ستمگر
سرکشی، تمرد
Surmount (v.)
/sərˈmaʊnt/
Synonym: overcome, conquer
Collocation: surmount Sth
Example: There are several obstacles to be surmounted
Example: to surmount her fear of flying
فائق آمدن ، از میان برداشتن
sur به معنی بالا
conquer (v.)
/ˈkɑːŋkər/
Synonym: overcome, Surmount
Example: he designed a plan to conquer the world
Man will conquer nature. انسان طبیعت را تسخیر خواهد کرد
تسخیر کردن، فتح کردن، مغلوب کردن
Susceptible (adj.)
/səˈseptəbl̩/
Synonym: vulnerable, prone
Collocation: susceptible to sth
Example: Some dogs are thought to be genetically susceptible to disease
در معرض خطر
prone (adj.)
/ˈproʊn/
Synonym: vulnerable, Susceptible
man is prone to error انسان جایز الخطا است.
Some plants are very prone to disease.
مستعد ، (خوابیده روی شکم و سینه) دمر
hostility (n.)
/haˈstɪləti/
Example: disagreements over the proper use of national forests have engendered feelings of hostility between ranchers and environmentalists.
Example: overt hostility
خصومت
referee (n.)
/ˌrefəˈriː/
Example: the referee blew his whistle and the crowd roared
داور
outcome (n.)
Example: The probable outcome of the talks is a compromise.
پیامد
devise (v.)
/dɪˈvaɪz/
Example: to devise a new engine
Example: the study have devised new research methods
درست کردن، تدبیر کردن، اختراع کردن
publicity (n.)
/pəˈblɪsəti/
Example: The royal wedding got a lot of publicity.
تبلیغات
dump
/ˈdəmp/
Example: dumping of phosphates and fertilizers into rivers speeds up the growth of algae جلبک-الجی
انداختن زباله - اشغال دونی
respire (V.)
/rɪˈspaɪər/
Example: many modern organisms respire without the aid of oxygen
نفس کشیدن
Fish generally respire through gills. آبشش
respiration (N.)
aquatic (adj.)
/əˈkwɑːtɪk/
aquatic plants گیاهان آبزی / sport
aquatic life
suffocate (V.)
/ˈsəfəˌket/
Example: Jealousy can suffocate any relationship.
Example: You will feel to suffocate at the top of the peak
خفه کردن یا شدن، جلواکسیژن رسانی را گرفتن، خاموش کردن
log (V.)
Example: The illegal logging of trees
الوار، هیزم، قطع درخت
deforestation (N.)
/dəˌfɔːrəˈsteɪʃn̩/
Example: The illegal logging of trees quickly leads to deforestation In turn.
Example: Last year, the rate of deforestation in the Amazon declined by almost 30 percent.
قطع درختان جنگلی
erode (V.)
/ɪˈroʊd/
Example: If the river is not controlled, it will erode its banks
Example: this soon causes the erosion of topsoil
ساییده شدن، فرساییدن
erosion فرسایش
Herbicide (N.)
/ˈhɜːrbəˌsaɪd/
Example: Herbicides have long been used for the eradication of disease in crops
علف کش
eradicate (V.)
/ɪˈrædəˌket/
Example: We can eradicate this disease from the world.
Example: These insects are very difficult to eradicate.
از بین بردن، ریشه کن کردن
modification (N.)
/ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃn̩/
Example: some of those archaic laws were in need of modification
تعدیل، اصلاح
modify
cultivate (V.)
/ˈkəltəˌvet/
Example: We’re cultivating vegetables on our farm now.
کشت کردن، زراعت کردن
Inflation (N.)
/ˌɪnˈfleɪʃn̩/
Example: Inflation has plagued the economy for years
تورم
unrest (N.)
/ənˈrest/
Example: The government failed to stifle the unrest.
آشوب، بلوا، نا آرامی
ancestor (N.)
/ˈænˌsestər/
Example: Many species have diverged from a single ancestor
diverge انشعاب یافتن
جد ، نیا
predecessor (N.)
/ˈpredəˌsesər/
Example: My predecessor worked in this job for twelve years
Example: I inherited a number of problems from my predecessor
جد، متصدی پیشین
descendant (N.)
/dəˈsendənt/
Example: He was a direct descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte.
نسل، زاده اولاد
prehistoric (adj.)
/ˌpriˌhɪˈstɔːrɪk/
Example: Prehistoric man used stone tools for approximately 3,000 years
ماقبل تاریخی
approximately
/əˈprɑːksəmətli/
Example: I meet him approximately once a month
تقریبا
indigenous (adj.)
/ˌɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/
Example: Indians are indigenous inhabiants of america
بومی، ذاتی
nomadic (adj.)
/noʊˈmædɪk/
Example: nomadic tribes قبایل
متحرک، چادر نشین
archaeologist
/ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒəst/
Example: Josie isn’t really an archaeologist, it’s just an interest of hers
باستان شناس
trace
/ˈtreɪs/
Example: The teenagers tried to remove all traces of their party.
رد پا ، ردیابی کردن
trail
/ˈtreɪl/
Example: Archaeologists often look for a trail of evidence to solve a mystery
be on the trail of در تعقیب کسی بودن
دنباله، بدنبال کشیدن
hieroglyphic (adj.)
/ˌhaɪroˈɡlɪfɪk/
Example: The hieroglyphics on the walls of the pyramid are well preserved
خط تصویری
midden
/ˈmɪdn̩/
Example: Frequently found near rivers or coasts, middens contain the kind of rubbish that is invaluable to archaeologists
تپه کوچک، توده کثافت
amulet
/ˈæmjələt/
Example: Any infant protected by an amulet bearing the names of the angels would be immune from her attentions.
طلسم، زیوری که برای دفع بلا یا چشم بد بر گردن می آویزند
skull
/ˈskəl/
an empty skull کله پوک
a thick skull کله خر
جمجه
skeleton
/ˈskelətn̩/
a skeleton hand دست استخوانی
اسکلت، کالبد
hazard (N.)
/ˈhæzərd/
Example: Obesity is a real health hazard
بخت، شانس، بخطر انداختن، در معرض مخاطره قرار دادن
Sturdiness (N.)
/ˈstɜː.di.nəs/
Example: She is the very image of mental sturdiness.
sturdy محکم تنومند
تنومندی، بنیه قوی
senility (N.)
/səˈnɪləti/
Example: The old lady was becoming increasingly affected by senility
کهولت، سالخوردگی
virility (N.)
/vəˈrɪləti/
Example: There was no doubting his virility
نیرومندی، مردی
feeble (adj.)
/ˈfiːbl̩/
Example: He become increasingly feeble with old age, but his wife remained vigorous. نیرومند
ضعیف، ناتوان، سست
exasperate (V.)
/ɪgˈzæspəˌreɪt/
Example: He’s becoming increasingly exasperated with the situation.
خشمگین کردن، تشدید کردن
frail (adj.)
/ˈfreɪl/
Example: human nature is frail
Example: His frail hands could hardly hold a cup.
نازک، شکننده، زود گذر، ضعیف النفس
robust (adj.)
/roʊˈbʌst/
Example: robust faith/ robust wine
تنومند، قوی هیکل ، قوی
detrimental (adj.)
/ˌdetrɪˈmentl̩/
Example: Smoking can be detrimental to your health
دردناک، مضر، زیان اور
curtail (V.)
/kərˈteɪl/
Example: People curtail their spending power when prices rise
کوتاه کردن، مختصر نمودن، کاستن از
prolong (V.)
/prəˈlɒŋ/
Example: We do not want to prolong the meeting unnecessarily.
دراز کردن، بتاخیر انداختن، طولانی کردن
outlaw (V.)
/ˈaʊˌtlɒ/
Example: He became an outlaw by defying the law
Example: He would outlaw abortion and end gun control.
قانون شکن، یاغی
defy (V.)
/dəˈfaɪ/
Example: I defy you to come forward
Example: He became an outlaw by defying the law.
به مبارزه طلبیدن
abide (V.)
/əˈbaɪd/
Example: that memory will abide in my mind forever
ماندن، ایستادگی کردن
abode گذشته
Poach (V.)
/poʊt͡ʃ/
Example: Poach the fish until it flakes easily.
شکار در مناطق حفاظت شده ،تجاوز کردن به، هل دادن، اب پز کردن
corpulent (adj.)
/ˈkɔːrpjələnt/
Example: He is a short, somewhat corpulent, man.
تنومند، فربه
gaunt (adj.)
/ˈɡɒnt/
Example: Her face was gaunt and grey.
نحیف، بد قیافه
slender (adj.)
/sˈlendər/
Example: Her body was slender, like a dancer’s.
نازک و بلند، باریک اندام
unscrupulous (adj.)
/ənˈskruːpjələs/
Example: Teenagers are easy prey for unscrupulous drug dealers.
بی پروا، بی مرام
slack (adj.)
/sˈlæk/
Example: a slack market
a slack jaw
سکون، قطع، کسادی، شل
treacherous (adj.)
/ˈtret͡ʃərəs/
Example: The oil made the ground slippery and treacherous to walk on.
Example: The treacherous officer betrayed his general.
خائن، خطرناک
trustworthy (adj.)
/ˈtrəˌstwərði/
Example: her father is a very upright, trustworthy man
درست، موثق، قابل اعتماد
cue (adj.)
/ˈkjuː/
Example: follow somebody’s cue
چوب بیلیارد،اشارت، ایماء
oppose (V.)
/əˈpoʊz/
Example: Residents of the area opposed the building of the new highway
مخالفت کردن
opponent (N.)
/əˈpoʊnənt/
Example: he beat his opponent in five rounds
طرف مقابل، رقیب
load of information
a large amount of information, particularly when it is too much to take in at once.
- I was overwhelmed by the load of information the professor presented in the lecture.
obituary (N.)
/oˈbɪt͡ʃuːˌeri/
I read your brother’s obituary in the Times.
اگهی فوت
chop wood
هیزم شکستن
3 WILL EXAMPLES
- don’t call me between 7 and 8 , i will be eating dinner then. عملی در زمان خاص در آینده
- we are late , the play will have started by the time we get to the theater. (by , by the time)
در زمان خاصی در آینده تمام میشود - by the nest April, i will have been leaving her for 6 month (by , for)
