unit 1 Flashcards
ielts
illuminate(v.)
ɪˈluː.mɪ.neɪt
Synonym: clarify, elucidate.
Collocation: vividly, greatly (adv.) / help to (v.)
The study of the present helps to illuminate the past.
streets were illuminated by lights
روشن کردن ، چراغانی کردن
elucidate(v.)
/iˈluː.sɪ.deɪt/
Synonym: clarify, illuminate
you haven’t understood , allow me to elucidate
روشن کردن - توضیح دادن
Insinuate (v.)
/ɪnˈsɪn.ju.eɪt/
Synonym: imply, suggest indirectly
Collocation: insinuate that…. / insinuate something
The article insinuated that he was embezzling money.
به اشاره فهماندن، غیر مستقیم گفتن
imply
/ɪmˈplaɪ/
Synonym: Insinuate, suggest indirectly
are you implying that I cheated?
به اشاره فهماندن
Intrusive (adj.)
/ɪnˈtruː.sɪv/
Synonym: nosy, meddlesome
Collocation: rather, somewhat (adj.)
He posed rather intrusive questions which I didn’t like to answer.
فضول
nosy (adj.)
/ˈnoʊ.zi/
Synonym: Intrusive
A rather nosey woman once asked him about his personal life.
فضول
meddlesome
/ˈmed.əl.səm/
Synonym: Intrusive
He didn’t want his meddlesome neighbor to hear his conversation with the landlord.
فضول
Prevailing (adj.)
/prɪˈveɪ.lɪŋ/
Synonym: dominant, widespread
Collocation: view, attitude (n.)
The prevailing view seems to be that they will find her guilty.
شایع، عمومی ، قالب ، حاکم
dominant
/ˈdɑː.mə.nənt/
Synonym: Prevailing, widespread
a dominant personality شخصیت سلطه گر
the dominant hemisphere of the brain
چیره، برجسته، عمده، غالب
widespread
/ˌwaɪdˈspred/
Synonym: dominant,Prevailing
There are reports of widespread flooding in northern France.
برای سیل زیاد استفاده میشه
متداول، شایع، گسترده، همه جا منتشر
Prudent (adj.)
/ˈpruː.dənt/
Synonym: wise, sensible, discreet
Collocation: be, seem (v.)
It might be more prudent to get a second opinion before going ahead.
عاقلانه ، محتاط ، با احتیاط
sensible(adj.)
/ˈsen.sə.bəl/
Synonym: wise, Prudent, discreet
sensible advice نصیحت
a sensible answer/approach/compromise/option
sensible of another’s grief حساس نسبت به اندوه دیگری
It would be sensible to take an umbrella.
خردمندانه
discreet (adj.)
/dɪˈskriːt/
Synonym: wise, Prudent, sensible
he is very discreet in giving his opinion
محتاط - فروتن
Do not confuse with discrete متمایز
resist (v.)
Synonym: withstand, militate against
Collocation: fiercely, firmly (adv.) / can hardly (v.)
She could hardly resist the urge to turn and run.
ایستادگی کردن
withstand(v.)
/ˌwɪθˈstænd/
he could not withstand psychological pressure
تاب اوردن ، تحمل کردن
militate (v.)
His inexperience militates against his getting an early promotion.
جنگیدن ،(بر ضد چیزی) عمل کردن
fiercely
/ˈfɪəsli/
she fought fiercely for her honor and life
به شدت - خشمگینانه
urge( v , n)
/ˈɜːrdʒ/
you must resist the urge to smoke
He urged her to see a doctor immediately.
میل
با اصرار وادار کردن
Saturate (v.)
/ˈsatʃəreɪt/
Synonym: fill, satiate
Collocation: Saturate something with something else
My cup was saturated with water.
اشباع کردن
satiate
/ˈseɪʃɪeɪt/
Synonym: fill ,Saturate
The guests were satiated after such a feast. ضیافت
سیر کردن- اشباع شدن
Skeptical (adj.)
/ˈskɛptɪkl/
Synonym: dubious, unconvinced
Collocation: about, of (prep.)
The public remain skeptical of these claims.
دیر باور - شکاک
dubious (adj.)
/ˈdjuːbɪəs/
Synonym: Skeptical , unconvinced
I remain dubious about her motives.
مشکوک
Sophisticated (adj.)
/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/
Synonym: complex, complicated
Collocation: be, look, seem (v.) / incredibly, extremely (adv.)
Incredibly sophisticated computers now rule the world.
Successive (adj.)
/səkˈsɛsɪv/
Synonym: uninterrupted, consecutive, one after the other
Collocation: seasons, governments, defeats, wins
Our team won the trophy for the second successive season
متوالی - پی در پی
trophy
a trophy for the best student
جایزه- جام
consecutive
/kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/
Synonym: uninterrupted, Successive, one after the other
it had rained for 6 consecutive days
متوالی - پی در پی
Abandon (v.)
Synonym: forsake, desert, leave behind
Collocation: altogether, simply (adv.) / decide to (v.) / in favor of (prep.)
She abandoned teaching career in favor of sports.
forsake
/fəˈseɪk/
Synonym: Abandon, desert, leave behind
He forsook smoking, but not drinking.
رها کردن-خاطر
desert
Desert /ˈdɛzət:/ بیابان، کویر
Desert /dɪˈzəːt:/ ترک کردن، فرار کردن
dessert /dɪˈzəːt/ دسر
a road through the desert
ترک کردن-صحرا
Abundant(Adj)
/əˈbʌnd(ə)nt/
Synonym: ample, plentiful,
Collocation: great (adj.) / have (v.) / in (prep.)
Exotic plants grew there in great abundance.
The country has an abundance of natural resources
Fish are abundant in the lake
وافر، بسیار
ample(Adj)
/ˈampl/
Synonym: Abundant , plentiful
the small piece of cake will be ample
he has ample time to study
وسیع، فراوان
بیش از حد لزوم
plentiful
Synonym: Abundant , ample
coal is cheap and plentiful
فراوان، وافر
Acclaim (v.)(N.)
/əˈkleɪm/
Synonym: praise, applaud, commend
Collocation: critical (adj.) /highly, widely (adv.) / as (prep.)
The work was internationally acclaimed as a masterpiece
despite the critical acclaim با وجود تحسین منتقدان
تحسین، ادعا کردن
praise (N.)
/preɪz/
Synonym: Acclaim, applaud, commend
praise the lord the child is feeling better
she deserve praise not punishment
تحسین، ستایش
applaud (V.)
/əˈplɔːd/
Synonym: Acclaim, praise, commend
I applaud your courage
He started to applaud and the others joined in.
تحسین کردن، کف زدن
commend
His captain commended him for his bravery.
We commend her soul to God. سپردن
ستودن، ستایش کردن
Ambiguous (adj.)
/amˈbɪɡjʊəs/
Synonym: vague, unclear, equivocal
Collocation: remain (v.) / highly, slightly (adv.)
She made a highly ambiguous statement which confused a lot of people
دو پهلو
vague
/ˈveɪɡ/
Synonym: Ambiguous , unclear, equivocal
the vague memories of childhood
a vague answer
نامشخص، گنگ
equivocal
/ɪˈkwɪvəkl̩/
Synonym: vague, unclear, Ambiguous
The politician gave an equivocal answer.
an equivocal reply
دو پهلو، دارای ابهام
Articulate (adj.)
Synonym: expressive, persuasive
Collocation: highly (adv.) / about (prep.)
The teachers help the students to be more articulate about their strengths and weaknesses
ماهر در صحبت - فصیح
persuasive
/pərˈsweɪsɪv/
Synonym: Articulate , persuasive
The evidence was not really persuasive enough.
His analysis is in many ways highly persuasive.
متقاعد کننده
Champion (v.)
Synonym: support, advocate
Collocation: champion something (success, hold, position)
She has championed equal rights for women for decades.
دفاع کردن
Consolidate (v.)
/kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt
Synonym: fortify, strengthen, secure
Collocation: consolidate something.
With this new movie he has consolidated his position as the country’s leading director.
یکپارچه کردن - make physically stronger
fortify
/ˈfɔːrtəˌfaɪ/
Synonym: Consolidate , strengthen, secure
have some hot soup to fortify you against the cold
تقویت کردن
strengthen(V.)
/ˈstrɛŋ(k)θn/
Synonym: Consolidate , fortify, secure
He has a new fitness regime to strengthen his back.
نیرومند کردن- تشدید کردن
secure
Synonym: Consolidate , strengthen ,fortify
His position as leader of the country was now secure.
محکم، مطمئن، امن
overstate
/ˌoʊvəˈsteɪt/
Don’t overstate your case or no one will believe you.
گزافه گویی کردن، اغراق امیز کردن
amplify
/ˈæmpləˌfaɪ/
We must amplify our effort by working a lot harder.
بزرگ کردن، تقویت کردن
Formidable (adj.)
ˈfɔːmɪdəbl̩
Synonym: difficult, arduous, demanding
Collocation: be, look, sound, find (v.) / really, truly (adv.)
The students found the task formidable.
سخت - دشوار
arduous(adj.)
/ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/
Synonym: difficult, Formidable , demanding
the arduous task of rebuilding war-torn cities شهر جنگ زده
پرزحمت
demanding(adj.)
/dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/
Synonym: difficult, Formidable
teaching is a demanding profession معلمی کار پرمسئولیتی است.
They are demanding equal rights and justice.
خواهان، سخت
obedient
/oˈbiːdiənt/
she abandon the role of obedient housewife
فرمانبردار، مطیع
casualty(N.)
ˈkæʒəwəlti
Casualty (n.)
Synonym: death, fatality
Collocation: minimize, avoid, suffer (v.)
Example: our division suffered only light casualties. خفیف
Example: Reports of casualties in the accident were greatly exaggerated
Example: She read through the casualty list anxiously.
تصادف (به ویژه تصادف مهلک) - تلفات
uncomprehending(Adj. )
/ˌʌnkɒmprɪˈhɛndɪŋ/
Example: Compared to George Bush, with his frequently uncomprehending sentences, Bill Clinton was considerate a highly articulate president
Emmie looked at her, uncomprehending.
نامفهوم
نگاهی بلند و نامفهوم
invade (V.)
/ɪnˈveɪd/
Example: I don’t want to invade your privacy
Example: The cancer cells may invade other parts of the body
Example: The construction of so many hotels has had an invasive impact on the local ecosystem.
invasive (Adj .)
خلوت کسی را به هم زدن - حمله کردن بر، تجاوز کردن
arctic tundra
/ˈɑːrktɪk/
arctic سرد، شمالی
tundra دشت هموار سرزمین های قطبی یا بسیار مرتفع
savannah
/səˈvænə/
دشت بی درخت، زمین هموار
vent (n.)
each room has an air-conditioning vent
a magma/volcano vent
دریچه
avalanche
/ˈævəlɑːnt͡ʃ/
An avalanche can occur when the layers of built-up snow are unstable.
my desk is buried under an avalanche of letters
بهمن
longitude/latitude
He noted the latitude and longitude, then made a mark on the admiralty chart.
طول جغرافیایی/ عرض جغرتفیایی
glacier
/ˈɡleɪʃər/
گلیشر
Last year the glacier retreated further than ever before.
یخچال طبیعی
withdraw (V.)
/wəðˈdrɒ/
I must withdraw some money from the bank
عقب کشیدن ،برداشت کردن،
imperative (adj.)
/ˌɪmˈperətɪv/
It is imperative that we make a quick decision.
as nuclear weapons proliferate, preventing war becomes imperative
به سرعت زیاد شدن توسعه یافتنproliferate
ضروری
localise (V.)
The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.
محلی
futile (adj.)
/ˈfjuːtəl/
His efforts, though futile, are still commendable
بیهوده
refine (V.)
/rəˈfaɪn/
Raw cane juice is refined to make sugar.
آب نیشکر خام برای تولید شکر تصفیه می شود
تصفیه کردن، تصحیح کردن
intimidate (V.)
/ˌɪnˈtɪməˌdet/
Bullies tried to intimidate him, but he wasn’t afraid.
ترساندن
intimate صمیمی
pious (adj.)
/ˈpaɪəs/
Turan never been a pious woman
زاهد - پارسال
insignificant (adj.)
/ˌɪnˌsɪgˈnjɪfɪkənt/
the company’s losses were insignificant
My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people’s.
ناچیز، کم اهمیت
obscure (adj.)
/əbˈskjʊr/
Synonym: ambiguous
an obscure scientist
Is the meaning still obscure to you?
مبهم، تیره، تار، گمنام
reserved (adj.)
/rəˈzɜːrvd/
He was reserved by nature
کم حرف، رزرو شده
cordial (adj.)
/ˈkɔːrdʒəl/
he greeted us with a cordial tone
خوشرو، خون گرم
regarding (pre.)
/rəˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/
I had nothing to say regarding this matter
در موضوع، راجع به
gardening
/ˈɡɑːrdn̩ɪŋ/
We asked the gardening expert to recommend particularly hardy plants that could resist the harsh winters
باغبانی
depict (V. )
/dəˈpɪkt/
Synonym: portray, delineate
Collocation: accurately, vividly (adv.) / diagram, artist (n.)
Example: The advertisement depicts smoking as glamorous and attractive.
The artist and the author both tried to depict the sunset’s beauty.
her stories depict various aspects of city life
نمایش دادن، هویدا کردن
morose (adj.)
/məˈroʊs/
He was reserved by nature, even morose
her husband is a morose man
ترشرو، کج خلق، عبوس
amiable (adj.)
/ˈeɪmiəbl̩/
He wasn’t the most efficient at his job, but he was amiable
She was in an amiable mood
دلپذیر، شیرین ،دوستانه
misuse (V. )
/ˌmɪˈsjuːz/
Misuse of the world’s resources is one of the boiling issues of our times
if you misuse words, the text will become vague
سوء استفاده ، غلط استعمال کردن، نابجا بکار بردن
firing (N.)
the accidental firing of a gun
تیر، پختن در کوره
stout
/ˈstaʊt/
a stout wall
محکم، چاق
exuberant (adj.)
/ɪgˈzuːbərənt/
her exuberant long hair
The vegetation on the island was exuberant
فراوان، پربرکت، پرپشت
chivalrous (adj.)
/ˈʃɪvəlrəs/
a chivalrous warrior
he was too chivalrous to ask the ladies to pay their share
بلند همت، جوانمرد
مشتقات: chivalrously (adv.), chivalrousness (n.)
ingenious (adj.)
/ˌɪnˈdʒiːnjəs/
It was an ingenious strategy that was enormously successful.
ماهر، با هوش، دارای قوه ابتکار
genius استعداد، خوش طبعی
contemporary(adj .)
/kənˈtempəˌreri/
The invention of the telephone was contemporary with the invention of the automobile.
معاصر
temporary زودگذر
audacity (N.)
/aˈdæsəti/
You have the audacity to say you can’t stand fat people
Sky - diving takes both audacity and skill.
جسارت، گستاخی
broaden your horizons
/ˈbrɒdn̩/
to increase the range of one’s knowledge
enquiry (N.)
/ɪnˈkwaɪəri/
I want to make an enquiry about train times.
Children are born with a spirit of enquiry.
پرس و جو، استفسار
awaiting (V.)
He’s anxiously awaiting his test results.
منتظر شدن، صبر کردن
richter
/ˈrɪktər/
There has been an earthquake measuring 5.5 on the Richter Scale in Japan
ریشتر
head on (V.)
- for those of you heading onto the motorway
- a head-on collision
(در تصادفات اتومبیل و غیره) شاخ به شاخ، از جلو، سرراست، مستقیم
what makes you tick
the thing that cause someone to behave a certain way
rein (N , V )
/ˈreɪn/
example : to rein up a horse اسب را درست مهار کردن
example : give (free) rein to اختیار تام دادن
افسار
stirrup
/ˈstɜːrəp/
example : he tried to put her foot into the stirrup
رکاب
saddle (N , V )
/ˈsædl̩/
example : hold on to the saddle or you’ll fall
زین، پالان زدن، زین کردن
short city break
a short trip
ASAP
as soon as possible
to get a foot on the property ladder
buying small house first ,then buying a bigger one
blackout
/ˈblæˌkɑːwt/
example : The was a black out in the city last night.
قطع کامل برق، خاموشی شهر
از یاد بردن چیز بخصوص، سانسور کردن
disrupt (V.)
/ˌdɪsˈrəpt/
example : he used all his art to disrupt the meeting
مختل کردن، به هم زدن
wrap (V.)
/ˈræp/
example : the package was wrapped in brown papper
wrap somebody up in cotton wool لوس باراوردن
پتو، پنهان سازی، بسته بندی کردن
trout (N.)
/ˈtraʊt/
example : What’s the best way to cook trout?
ماهی قزل آلا
crisis (N.)
/ˈkraɪsəs/
example : a crisis situation
بحران، موقع بحرانی
crises جمع
stimulus (N.)
/ˈstɪmjələs/
example : The new tax laws should act as a stimulus to exports.
محرک، تحریک
stimuli جمع
cactus جمع cacti
fungus (N.)
/ˈfəŋɡəs/
example : Mushrooms are a type of fungus.
قارچ
جمع fungi
criterion (N.)
/kraɪˈtɪriən/
example: The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work.
معیار ، ضابطه
criteria جمع
attorney (N.)
/əˈtɜːrni/
He wants to be an attorney.
وکیل
steep
/ˈstiːp/
n سراشیبی
adj شیب تند
no one can climb these steep walls of rock
