Unit1-Cells Flashcards
Nucleus
controls the functions of the cell
what type of cell has a cell wall
plant cell
what makes a plant green
chlorophyll within chloroplasts
mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration. where ATP is produced (for energy)
ribosomes
where amino acids are used to build a protein
cell wall
provides support for cell/ holds shape. only plant cells
cell membrane
controls what goes in and out of cell
cytoplasm
where the cell’s activity takes place
vacuole
stores sap- water, sugar, salt
types of cell
animal cell
plant cell
bacterial cell
fungal cell
diffusion is…
the movement of particles of a substance down a concentration gradient from a high concentration to a low concentration until they are equal
concentration gradient
difference in concentration of a substance on either side of a selectively permeable membrane
examples of places that diffusion takes place
small intestine
breathing
nerve signals
plant cells
membranes consist of a
phospholipid bilayer
what to do channel proteins do
allow small soluble molecules to pass through but not large insoluble molecules
formula for %concentration
solute
—— x100
solution
formula for solute
100%
formula for solution
%concentration
solvent
something that the thing dissolves in
solute
the thing that dissolves
osmosis
osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
example if diffusion in the human body
breathing- oxygen diffuses into blood
digestion- amino acids and glucose are diffuser into the bloodstream
what is arranged in a bilayer
phospholipids
the carrier molecules that pump ions across a membrane are made of…
protein
hydrophilic means
thrives in water
hydrophobic means
hates water and doesn’t touch it
hypertonic means
higher solute conc (lower water conc)
hypotonic means
lower solute conc (higher water conc)
isotonic
equal conc
plasmalysed means
less water so is membrane is shrivelling (for plant cells- pulling away from cell wall)
turgid means
swollen. lots of water
active transport is
movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of LOW conc to a region of HIGH conc
active transport requires ____ because
energy because it is moving against the conc gradient. the opposite direction of diffusion
diffusion and osmosis move ___ the conc gradient
down
why do cells divide
growth
tissue repair
asexual reproduction
chromosomes
has sections of information along it called genes that have information for certain functions
mitosis
the process by which the chromosomes in the nucleus copy and divide into two new nuclei ready for cell division
why is mitosis important
all the cells in an organism need to have a complete compliment of the genetic information to be able to carry out all cell functions
diploid
a cell with a double set of chromosomes
haploid
a cell with a single set of chromosomes
stages of mitosis
Interphase Visible Equator Separate Divides
centriole
where spindle fibres grow from
centromere
holds together chromotids
when drawing a graph
P recise
A ny number you want to start
N o collapsed axis
T wo numbers at start
