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Biology > Unit1-Cells > Flashcards

Unit1-Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleus

A

controls the functions of the cell

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2
Q

what type of cell has a cell wall

A

plant cell

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3
Q

what makes a plant green

A

chlorophyll within chloroplasts

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4
Q

mitochondria

A

site of aerobic respiration. where ATP is produced (for energy)

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5
Q

ribosomes

A

where amino acids are used to build a protein

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6
Q

cell wall

A

provides support for cell/ holds shape. only plant cells

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7
Q

cell membrane

A

controls what goes in and out of cell

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

where the cell’s activity takes place

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9
Q

vacuole

A

stores sap- water, sugar, salt

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10
Q

types of cell

A

animal cell
plant cell
bacterial cell
fungal cell

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11
Q

diffusion is…

A

the movement of particles of a substance down a concentration gradient from a high concentration to a low concentration until they are equal

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12
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration of a substance on either side of a selectively permeable membrane

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13
Q

examples of places that diffusion takes place

A

small intestine
breathing
nerve signals
plant cells

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14
Q

membranes consist of a

A

phospholipid bilayer

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15
Q

what to do channel proteins do

A

allow small soluble molecules to pass through but not large insoluble molecules

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16
Q

formula for %concentration

A

solute
—— x100
solution

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17
Q

formula for solute

A 
            100%
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18
Q

formula for solution

A

%concentration

19
Q

solvent

A

something that the thing dissolves in

20
Q

solute

A

the thing that dissolves

21
Q

osmosis

A

osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

22
Q

example if diffusion in the human body

A

breathing- oxygen diffuses into blood

digestion- amino acids and glucose are diffuser into the bloodstream

23
Q

what is arranged in a bilayer

A

phospholipids

24
Q

the carrier molecules that pump ions across a membrane are made of…

A

protein

25
Q

hydrophilic means

A

thrives in water

26
Q

hydrophobic means

A

hates water and doesn’t touch it

27
Q

hypertonic means

A

higher solute conc (lower water conc)

28
Q

hypotonic means

A

lower solute conc (higher water conc)

29
Q

isotonic

A

equal conc

30
Q

plasmalysed means

A

less water so is membrane is shrivelling (for plant cells- pulling away from cell wall)

31
Q

turgid means

A

swollen. lots of water

32
Q

active transport is

A

movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of LOW conc to a region of HIGH conc

33
Q

active transport requires ____ because

A

energy because it is moving against the conc gradient. the opposite direction of diffusion

34
Q

diffusion and osmosis move ___ the conc gradient

A

down

35
Q

why do cells divide

A

growth
tissue repair
asexual reproduction

36
Q

chromosomes

A

has sections of information along it called genes that have information for certain functions

37
Q

mitosis

A

the process by which the chromosomes in the nucleus copy and divide into two new nuclei ready for cell division

38
Q

why is mitosis important

A

all the cells in an organism need to have a complete compliment of the genetic information to be able to carry out all cell functions

39
Q

diploid

A

a cell with a double set of chromosomes

40
Q

haploid

A

a cell with a single set of chromosomes

41
Q

stages of mitosis

A 
Interphase
Visible
Equator
Separate
Divides
42
Q

centriole

A

where spindle fibres grow from

43
Q

centromere

A

holds together chromotids

44
Q

when drawing a graph

A

P recise
A ny number you want to start
N o collapsed axis
T wo numbers at start

Biology (5 decks)

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