Inheritance and Adaptations

Question 1

what is responsible for sex determination

Answer 1

make chromosomes (XY)

Question 2

What makes a female

Answer 2

XX

Question 3

What are the causes of variation

Answer 3

A foetus inherits characteristics from both parents (23 chromosomes from each)

Question 4

Types of variation

Answer 4

Discrete - single gene controlled

Continuous - multiple gene controlled

Question 5

another name for continuous inheritance

Answer 5

polygenic inheritance

Question 6

Phenotypes

Answer 6

The physical appearance of an organism

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Range of possible phenotypes which are due to the particular alleles the organism has

Question 8

Plant reproductive cells

Answer 8

Ovary and Anther

Question 9

Plant cell gametes

Answer 9

Pollen Grain and Ovule

Question 10

Species

Answer 10

a group of organisms that are so similar to each other that they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 11

alleles

Answer 11

form of a gene eg red or white flower

make a protein of a specific type

Question 12

Different types of mutation

Answer 12

Advantageous
Disadvantageous
Neutral

Question 13

What are mutations

Answer 13

A rare and random change to genetic material. Only source of new alleles

Question 14

Adaptations types

Answer 14

behavioural
physiological
structural

Question 15

what are adaptations

Answer 15

characteristics possessed by an organism that makes it well suited to its environment or niche.
kangaroo rat

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

AA or as

Question 17

heterozygous

Answer 17

Aa

Question 18

Inheritance (2 types)

Answer 18

Recessive and Dominant

Question 19

Why are observed and predicted genotypes not always correct?

Answer 19

Because fertilisation is a random process

Question 20

Speciation

Answer 20

1 Population is isolated
2 Population are subjected to mutations
3 Each sub-population face different selective pressures
4 Some mutations are advantageous
5 The mutations stick because those without the mutations die off
6 Over many generations the genotypes change and become different species (when reintroduced they can not reproduce)

Question 21

Evolution

Answer 21

a process by which species gradually change over time

Question 22

Isolating mechanisms

Answer 22

Geographical
Ecological
Reproductive

Question 23

Selective pressures

Answer 23

Something that causes issues with living in an area (predation, temperature)

Question 24

Selective advantage

Answer 24

Something that helps an organism survive the selective pressures (colour of coat, no fur, lots of fur etc)

Question 25

Natural selection

Answer 25

Animals die out due to evolution. Survival of the fittest