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Biology > Cells B > Flashcards

Cells B Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

different types of enzymes

A

catalase
phosphorylase

pepsin pH 2
trypsin pH 9
amylase pH 7

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2
Q

colour change for benedicts solution if maltose is present instead of starch

A

blue to brick red

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3
Q

colour change for iodine if starch is present

A

red brown to blue black

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4
Q

synthesis reaction

A

small, simple molecules join together to make larger complex molecules

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5
Q

degradation

A

large complex molecules broken down into smaller simple molecules

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6
Q

enzymes are made of

A

proteins

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7
Q

control

A

all factors being kept the same except one to allow us to compare with the results and proves any differences must be he to the changed factor

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8
Q

only changed by one variable=

A

valid

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9
Q

repeat =

A

reliable

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10
Q

enzymes are ??? and are made in ???

A

biological catalysts

cells

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11
Q

non living cells ______ catalase

A

do not contain

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12
Q

dependant variable

A

the one you measure

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13
Q

independent variable

A

the one you change

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14
Q

enzyme

A

a biological catalyst. speeds up the rate of reaction without getting used up

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15
Q

substrate

A

the chemical that the enzyme acts upon

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16
Q

product

A

the chemical produced by the enzyme reaction

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17
Q

starch is made of

A

glucose

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18
Q

protein is made of

A

amino acids

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19
Q

active site is designed to

A

match or complement the substrate

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20
Q

active site

A

the region on an enzyme where the substrate combined to be acted upon

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21
Q

specific

A

each enzyme has a unique shape which allows it to act on only one type of substrate (complementary)

22
Q

optimum temperature

A

the temperature at which the enzyme works best

23
Q

denatured

A

the active site is permanently damaged and changed in shape as a result of high temperatures. the enzyme no longer works

24
Q

why do enzymes not work at low temperatures

A

there is not enough energy for the reaction to take place

25
Q

human body temperature

A

37 degrees C

26
Q

in a word equation…

A

enzyme goes above the arrow, substrate goes before and product goes after

27
Q

different enzymes have different ___ optimums

A

pH and temperature

28
Q

thins that effect enzymes

A

temperature
pH
specificity

29
Q

what does ATP stand for

A

adenosine triphosphate

30
Q

aerobic respiration

A

the release of energy from food in the presence of oxygen

31
Q

ways in which energy is used in a cell

A 
active transport
mitosis
protein synthesis
sending nerve impulses
muscle cell contraction
32
Q

equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + energy

33
Q

the process of producing ATP from ADP + Pi is controlled by

A

enzymes

34
Q

respiration allows the cell to _____ it’s ATP supplies

A

regenerate

35
Q

stage 1 takes place in

A

cytoplasm

36
Q

how many ATP is made in stage 1

A

2 ATP (2ADP and 2Pi)

37
Q

glucose is made into ____ in stage 1

A

pyruvate

38
Q

anaerobic respiration is aka

A

fermentation

39
Q

stage 2 of aerobic respiration takes place in

A

mitochondria

40
Q

how many ATP are produced in stage 2

A

many

41
Q

pyruvate is made into _______ in stage 2 of aerobic respiration

A

glucose and water

42
Q

animals carry out fermentation when

A

we cannot meet oxygen needs
we exercise strenuously
oxygen is limited

43
Q

fermentation

A

respiration without oxygen

44
Q

how many ATP is produced in fermentation

A

2

45
Q

equation for fermentation in animals

A

glucose into pyruvate = lactic acid

reversable

46
Q

after a recovery period lactic acid can be drained by ____ to the muscles

A

repaying the oxygen debt

47
Q

equation for fermentation in plants and fungi

A

glucose into pyruvate= carbon dioxide + ethanol

48
Q

______ is used in baking to make dough rise

A

carbon dioxide

49
Q

_____ is used in alcoholic drinks

A

ethanol

50
Q

manometer

A

capillary U tube used to measure rate of respiration

part of respirometer

Biology (5 decks)

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