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Biology > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the plants and animals in an area and their habitats

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2
Q

Community

A

All of the organisms of different species living in an area

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3
Q

Population

A

The number of organisms of the same species living in an area

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4
Q

Organism

A

An individual belonging to a species

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5
Q

Habitat

A

Where an organism usually lives and can be made up of living and non living parts

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6
Q

Sampling

A

A subset of a population is measured to make estimates on the whole ecosystem

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7
Q

Biotic factor

A

A living component that affects another organism or shapes the ecosystem

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8
Q

Abiotic factor

A

Non living chemical and physical parts of an environment that affect organisms and the ecosystem

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9
Q

Example of biotic factor

A

Grazing

Competition

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10
Q

Example of abiotic factors

A

Light intensity

Wind speed

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11
Q

Indicator species

A

A species that shows the environmental conditions of an area by its presence

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12
Q

organism

A

an individual belonging to a species

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12
Q

population

A

the number of organisms of the same species living in an area

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12
Q

species richness

A

number of different species in an area

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12
Q

niche

A

the role an organism plays in an ecosystem. A set of circumstances where an organism is best adapted to cope.

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13
Q

Competition

A

When a resource is limited and more than one organism

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14
Q

pyramid of numbers

A

a way of displaying the number of individuals at each level of the food chain

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15
Q

pyramid of energy

A

A way of displaying the level of energy at each level of the food chain

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16
Q

Population explosion

A

A large sudden increase in population

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17
Q

Traditional farming

A

Farming which is used for small production of food. More labour, less machinery, better for the environment

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18
Q

Intensive farming

A

Controlled farming that increase the efficiency of food production

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19
Q

Pesticide

A

A chemical used to kill organisms that would affect the growth of plants or crops

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20
Q

Fertiliser

A

A use of organic or inorganic materials that help with plant growth as they supply nutrients to them

21
Q

Nitrates

A

Compound of nitrogen and oxygen which is an essential nutrient for plants for leaf growth

22
Q

Leaching

A

The run off of fertilisers into a water source

23
Q

Accumulation

A

The amount of toxins in the tissue of an individual organism over time

24
Q

Magnification

A

The movement of the toxins through the food chain from one animal to the next. And the increased effects on these animals

25
Q

Biological Control

A

An alternative to pesticides. By releasing a natural predator into the area an organism lives the number of pests can be reduced.

26
Q

GMO

A

An organism that has been genetically altered to make it healthier stronger better at surviving or more useful to humans

27
Q

eutrophication (long answer)

A

Input of nutrients to streams and rivers due to leaching
Algal bloom
Less light to plants so plants die
Increase in dead plants which is more good for bacteria
Increase in bacteria
Bacteria use oxygen so animals and plants die

28
Q

important elements for plant growth

A

nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus

29
Q

Where does energy get lost in a food chain

A

Undigested waste
Movement
Heat
Growth

30
Q

Autotroph

A

Makes its own food

31
Q

intraspecific

A

within one species

32
Q

interspecific

A

between more than one species

33
Q

biodiversity

A

A combination of the number of species and how many species there are

34
Q

pyramid of energy

A

A way of displaying the level of energy at each level of the food chain

35
Q

Population explosion

A

A large sudden increase in population

36
Q

Traditional farming

A

Farming which is used for small production of food. More labour, less machinery, better for the environment

37
Q

Intensive farming

A

Controlled farming that increase the efficiency of food production

38
Q

Pesticide

A

A chemical used to kill organisms that would affect the growth of plants or crops

39
Q

Fertiliser

A

A use of organic or inorganic materials that help with plant growth as they supply nutrients to them

40
Q

Nitrates

A

Compound of nitrogen and oxygen which is an essential nutrient for plants for leaf growth

41
Q

Leaching

A

The run off of fertilisers into a water source

42
Q

Accumulation

A

The amount of toxins in the tissue of an individual organism over time

43
Q

Magnification

A

The movement of the toxins through the food chain from one animal to the next. And the increased effects on these animals

44
Q

Biological Control

A

An alternative to pesticides. By releasing a natural predator into the area an organism lives the number of pests can be reduced.

45
Q

GMO

A

An organism that has been genetically altered to make it healthier stronger better at surviving or more useful to humans

46
Q

eutrophication (long answer)

A

Input of nutrients to streams and rivers due to leaching
Algal bloom
Less light to plants so plants die
Increase in dead plants which is more good for bacteria
Increase in bacteria
Bacteria use oxygen so animals and plants die

47
Q

important elements for plant growth

A

nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus

48
Q

Where does energy get lost in a food chain

A

Undigested waste
Movement
Heat
Growth

49
Q

Autotroph

A

Makes its own food

50
Q

intraspecific

A

within one species

51
Q

interspecific

A

between more than one species

52
Q

biodiversity

A

A combination of the number of species and how many species there are

Biology (5 decks)

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