UNIT VIII PEACE EDUCATION

Question 1

promote the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will help people either to prevent the occurrence of conflict, resolve conflicts peacefully, or create social conditions conducive to peace.

Answer 1

Peace education activities

Question 2

are central to peace education.

Answer 2

Core values of nonviolence and social justice

Question 3

is manifested through values such as respect for human rights, freedom, and trust.

Answer 3

Nonviolence

Question 4

is realized by principles of equality, responsibility, and solidarity.

Answer 4

Social justice

Question 5

To achieve these ideals, peace education programs across the world address a wide range of themes. These include

Answer 5

nonviolence, conflict resolution techniques, democracy, disarmament, gender equality, human rights, environmental responsibility, history, communication skills, coexistence, and international understanding and tolerance of diversity.

Question 6

can be delivered to people of all ages, in both formal and informal settings.

Answer 6

Peace education

Question 7

exist at local, national, and international levels, and in times of peace, conflict, and post-conflict.

Answer 7

Programs

Question 8

are therefore intrinsically linked.

Answer 8

Peace education and peace building

Question 9

is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief systems co-existing in society.

Answer 9

Religious pluralism

Question 10

Religious pluralism is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief systems co-existing in society. It can indicate one or more of the following:

Answer 10

1. As the name of the worldview according to which one’s religion is not held to be the sole and exclusive source of truth, and thus the acknowledgment that at least some truths and true values exist in other religions.
2. As acceptance of the concept that two or more religions with mutually exclusive truth claims are equally valid, this may be considered a form of either toleration (a concept that arose as a result of the European wars of religion) or moral relativism.
3. The understanding that the exclusive claims of different religions turn out, upon closer examination, to be variations of universal truths that have been taught since time immemorial. This is called Perennialism (based on the concept of philosophiaperennis) or Traditionalism.
4. Sometimes as a synonym for ecumenism, i.e., the promotion of some level of unity, co-operation, and improved understanding between different religions or different denominations within a single religion.
5. As a term for the condition of harmonious co-existence between adherents of different religions or religious denominations.
6. As a social norm and not merely a synonym for religious diversity.

Question 11

is a response to the diversity of religious beliefs, practices, and traditions that exist both in the contemporary world and throughout history.

Answer 11

Religious pluralism

Question 12

The terms _____ can be depending on context or intended use, signify anything from the mere fact of religious diversity to a particular kind of philosophical or theological approach to such diversity, one usually characterized by humility regarding the level of truth and effectiveness of one’s religion, as well as the goals of respectful dialogue and mutual understanding with other traditions.

Answer 12

“pluralism” and “pluralist”

Question 13

The term ____ refers here to the phenomenal fact of the variety of religious beliefs, practices, and traditions.

Answer 13

“diversity”

Question 14

The terms _____ refer to one form of response to such diversity.

Answer 14

“pluralism” and “pluralist”

Question 15

refers to the biological differences between males and females, such as the genitalia and genetic differences.

Answer 15

“sex”

Question 16

is more difficult to define, but it can refer to the role of a male or female in society, known as a gender role, or an individual’s concept of them, or gender identity.

Answer 16

“Gender”

Question 17

is proposed legislation of the Congress of the Philippines. It is intended to prevent various economic and public accommodation-related acts of discrimination against people based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression.

Answer 17

The SOGIE (Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression) Equality Bill, also known as the Anti-Discrimination Bill (ADB),

Question 18

is a vital element of peace education

Answer 18

Gender Equality including the LGBT community

Question 19

The term ___ is often used interchangeably with the concept of “multiculturalism.”

Answer 19

“culturally diverse”

Question 20

“…a system of beliefs and behaviours’ that recognizes and respects the presence of all diverse groups in an organization or society, acknowledges and values their socio-cultural differences, and encourages and enables their continued contribution within an inclusive cultural context which empowers all within the organization or society.

Answer 20

Multiculturalism

Question 21

, who specializes in diversity and multiculturalism, described seven important actions involved in the definition of multiculturalism:

Answer 21

Sociologist Dr. Caleb Rosado

Question 22

Sociologist Dr. Caleb Rosado, who specializes in diversity and multiculturalism, described seven important actions involved in the definition of multiculturalism:

Answer 22

1. recognition of the abundant diversity of cultures;
2. respect for the differences;
3. acknowledging the validity of different cultural expressions and contributions;
4. valuing what other cultures offer;
5. encouraging the contribution of diverse groups;
6. empowering people to strengthen themselves and others to achieve their maximum potential by being critical of their own biases; and
7. celebrating rather than just tolerating the differences to bring about unity through diversity.

Question 23

is the lens with which we evaluate everything around us; we evaluate what is proper or improper, normal or abnormal, through our culture.

Answer 23

Culture

Question 24

How can you support cultural diversity?

Answer 24

1. Increase your level of understanding about other cultures by interacting with people outside of your own culture—meaningful relationships may never develop simply due to a lack of understanding.
2. Avoid imposing values on others that may conflict or be inconsistent with cultures other than your own.
3. When interacting with others who may not be proficient in English, recognize that their limitations in English proficiency in no way reflects their level of intellectual functioning.
4. Recognize and understand that concepts within the helping profession, such as family, gender roles, spirituality, and emotional well-being, vary significantly among cultures and influence behaviour.
5. Within the workplace, educational setting, and/or clinical setting, advocate for the use of materials that are representative of the various cultural groups within the local community and the society in general.
6. Intervene appropriately when you observe others engaging in behaviours that show cultural insensitivity, bias, or prejudice.
7. Be proactive in listening, accepting, and welcoming people and ideas that are different from your own.

Question 25

supports the idea that every person can make a unique and positive contribution to the larger society because of, rather than despite, their differences. Imagine a place where diversity is recognized and respected; various cultural ideas are acknowledged and valued; contributions from all groups are encouraged; people are empowered to achieve their full potential, and differences are celebrated.

Answer 25

Cultural diversity

Question 26

is the practice of being able to identify and handle conflicts sensibly, fairly, and efficiently.

Answer 26

Conflict management

Question 27

Conflicts happen. How an employee responds and resolves conflict will limit or enable that employee’s success. Here are five conflict styles that a manager will follow according to _____

Answer 27

Kenneth W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann:

Question 28

Conflicts happen. How an employee responds and resolves conflict will limit or enable that employee’s success. Here are five conflict styles that a manager will follow according to Kenneth W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann:

Answer 28

1. An accommodating manager is one who cooperates to a high degree. This may be at the manager’s own expense and work against that manager’s own goals, objectives, and desired outcomes. This approach is effective when the other person is an expert or has a better solution.
2. Avoiding an issue is one way a manager might attempt to resolve conflict. This type of conflict style does not help the other staff members reach their goals and does not help the manager who is avoiding the issue and cannot assertively pursue his or her own goals. However, this works well when the issue is trivial or when the manager has no chance of winning.
3. Collaborating managers become partners or pair up with each other to achieve both of their goals in this style. This is how managers break free of the win-lose paradigm and seek the win-win. This can be effective for complex scenarios where managers need to find a novel solution.
4. Competing: This is the win-lose approach. A manager is acting in a very assertive way to achieve his or her own goals without seeking to cooperate with other employees, and it may be at the expense of those other employees. This approach may be appropriate for emergencies when time is of the essence.
5. Compromising: This is the lose-lose scenario where neither person nor manager achieves what they want. This requires a moderate level of assertiveness and cooperation. It may be appropriate for scenarios where you need a temporary solution or where both sides have equally important goals.

Question 29

China claims ___ over all the waters, islands, reefs, rocks, seabed, minerals, and living and non-living resources falling within its 9-dashed line claim in the South China Sea.

Answer 29

“indisputable sovereignty “

Question 30

The __ area comprises almost 90% of the total area of the South China Sea.

Answer 30

9-dashed line

Question 31

claim encroaches on 80% of the Philippines’ 200-nm exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and 100% of its 150-nm extended continental shelf (ECS) facing the South China Sea – what the Philippines calls the West Philippines Sea.

Answer 31

China’s 9-dashed line

Question 32

, which entered into force in 1994, governs the conflicting maritime claims in the South China Sea.

Answer 32

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, or UNCLOS

Question 33

is the Constitution for the world’s oceans and seas.

Answer 33

UNCLOS

Question 34

codified the then-existing customary international law of the sea, created novel entitlements in favour of coastal and landlocked states, and adopted a compulsory dispute settlement mechanism to ensure that there is a final authoritative body to interpret and apply its provisions.

Answer 34

UNCLOS

Question 35

every coastal state is entitled as a matter of international law to a 200-nm EEZ, plus an additional 150-nm ECS where applicable, drawn from baselines on continental land or islands.

Answer 35

Under UNCLOS,

Question 36

claim negates, and thus violates, the Philippines’ legal entitlement under UNCLOS to an EEZ and ECS.

Answer 36

China’s 9-dashed line.