Unit Two Vessels Of Hand Flashcards
What becomes a concern with the vasculature of the hand
Vascular system near the surface so heat loss becomes a concern
The ulnar artery enters the hand where
Superficial/ anterior to the flexor retinaculum lateral to pisiform, medial to hook of hamate (guyons canal) antero lateral to the ulnar nerve
The ulnar artery divides into what branches in the hand
Main branch, superficial palmar arch and deep palmar branch
How does the radial artery enter into the hand
Curves dorsally around the scaphoid and trapezium crossing the floor of the anatomical snuff box
The radial artery enters the palm where
Between the heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle then turns medially between the heads of the adductor pollicis
As the radial artery crosses the deep palmar space the radial artery divides into a main branch called what
Deep palmar arch
The deep palmar arch turns medially where
Metacarpal bases
When the deep palmar arch turns medially at the metacarpal bases it meets what
Deep palmar branch off the ulnar artery
What forms off the deep palmar arch
Palmar metacarpals arteries
The superficial palmar arch gives off what arteries
Common palmar digital arteries
The common palmar digital attires go to what digits
2-4
What anastomoses to form the pairs proper palmar digital arteries
Common palmar digital arteries and palmar metacarpal arteries
The deep palmar arch also gives off what other arteries
Princeps pollicis artery and radialic indicis artery
What veins parallel the arterial structure in the hand
Superficial and deep palmar venous arches
Dorsal metacarpal veins unite to form what
Dorsal venous network
What is an important factor in homeostasis of the hand
Flow control
What can result in tissue ischemia of the hand
Vasoconstriction drive by sympathetic system
What is an appropriate form of ischemia
Frost bite
What is an example of inappropriate ischemia of hand
Reynauds disease
What causes Raynaud’s disease
A hyper activation of the sympathetic system in response to cold or emotional stress resulting in extreme vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels leading to tissue hypoxia
What are the symptoms of Raynaud’s disease
Skin turns white Cold and numb then blue color, then turn red and back to normal with swelling and tingling
What is primary Raynaud’s disease
Hereditary, allergic to cold, not accompanied by other diseases
What is secondary Raynaud’s disease
Accompanied by CT disorders, lupus, erythematosus, scleroderma/ systemic sclerosis/ CREST syndrome, arthritis and many others, carpal tunnel syndrome and obstructive arterial disease
What type of Raynaud’s disease can lead to necrosis of fingertipsf
Secondary
What medications can cause secondary raynauds
Beta blockers and ergotamine
What tendons of muscles enter a common flexor sheath deep to the flexor retinaculum
Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
Tendons of FDS and FDP radiate to what in the hand
Individual digital synovial sheaths
Where does the FDS tenon split
Base of the proximal phalanx (tendonous chiasm)
Why does the FDP tendons split
Allow the FDP tendons to pass to the distal phalanxes
The split FDS tendons attach where
Base of the middle phalanxes
What can happen if a phalanx becomes fractured
Generate a hematoma with resulting inflammation and fibrosis
Extensor tendons in are held in place by what
Extensor retinaculum
Function of extensor retinaculum
Prevents bowstringing
What reduces the friction as extensor tendons pass through osseofibrous tunnels
Synovial tendon sheaths
What forms the osseofibrous tunnels on the dorsum of hand
Attachments of the extensor retinaculum to the distal radius and ulna
