Unit Two Vessels Of Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What becomes a concern with the vasculature of the hand

A

Vascular system near the surface so heat loss becomes a concern

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2
Q

The ulnar artery enters the hand where

A

Superficial/ anterior to the flexor retinaculum lateral to pisiform, medial to hook of hamate (guyons canal) antero lateral to the ulnar nerve

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3
Q

The ulnar artery divides into what branches in the hand

A

Main branch, superficial palmar arch and deep palmar branch

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4
Q

How does the radial artery enter into the hand

A

Curves dorsally around the scaphoid and trapezium crossing the floor of the anatomical snuff box

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5
Q

The radial artery enters the palm where

A

Between the heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle then turns medially between the heads of the adductor pollicis

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6
Q

As the radial artery crosses the deep palmar space the radial artery divides into a main branch called what

A

Deep palmar arch

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7
Q

The deep palmar arch turns medially where

A

Metacarpal bases

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8
Q

When the deep palmar arch turns medially at the metacarpal bases it meets what

A

Deep palmar branch off the ulnar artery

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9
Q

What forms off the deep palmar arch

A

Palmar metacarpals arteries

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10
Q

The superficial palmar arch gives off what arteries

A

Common palmar digital arteries

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11
Q

The common palmar digital attires go to what digits

A

2-4

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12
Q

What anastomoses to form the pairs proper palmar digital arteries

A

Common palmar digital arteries and palmar metacarpal arteries

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13
Q

The deep palmar arch also gives off what other arteries

A

Princeps pollicis artery and radialic indicis artery

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14
Q

What veins parallel the arterial structure in the hand

A

Superficial and deep palmar venous arches

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15
Q

Dorsal metacarpal veins unite to form what

A

Dorsal venous network

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16
Q

What is an important factor in homeostasis of the hand

A

Flow control

17
Q

What can result in tissue ischemia of the hand

A

Vasoconstriction drive by sympathetic system

18
Q

What is an appropriate form of ischemia

A

Frost bite

19
Q

What is an example of inappropriate ischemia of hand

A

Reynauds disease

20
Q

What causes Raynaud’s disease

A

A hyper activation of the sympathetic system in response to cold or emotional stress resulting in extreme vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels leading to tissue hypoxia

21
Q

What are the symptoms of Raynaud’s disease

A

Skin turns white Cold and numb then blue color, then turn red and back to normal with swelling and tingling

22
Q

What is primary Raynaud’s disease

A

Hereditary, allergic to cold, not accompanied by other diseases

23
Q

What is secondary Raynaud’s disease

A

Accompanied by CT disorders, lupus, erythematosus, scleroderma/ systemic sclerosis/ CREST syndrome, arthritis and many others, carpal tunnel syndrome and obstructive arterial disease

24
Q

What type of Raynaud’s disease can lead to necrosis of fingertipsf

25
What medications can cause secondary raynauds
Beta blockers and ergotamine
26
What tendons of muscles enter a common flexor sheath deep to the flexor retinaculum
Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
27
Tendons of FDS and FDP radiate to what in the hand
Individual digital synovial sheaths
28
Where does the FDS tenon split
Base of the proximal phalanx (tendonous chiasm)
29
Why does the FDP tendons split
Allow the FDP tendons to pass to the distal phalanxes
30
The split FDS tendons attach where
Base of the middle phalanxes
31
What can happen if a phalanx becomes fractured
Generate a hematoma with resulting inflammation and fibrosis
32
Extensor tendons in are held in place by what
Extensor retinaculum
33
Function of extensor retinaculum
Prevents bowstringing
34
What reduces the friction as extensor tendons pass through osseofibrous tunnels
Synovial tendon sheaths
35
What forms the osseofibrous tunnels on the dorsum of hand
Attachments of the extensor retinaculum to the distal radius and ulna