Unit Two Vessels Of Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What becomes a concern with the vasculature of the hand

A

Vascular system near the surface so heat loss becomes a concern

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2
Q

The ulnar artery enters the hand where

A

Superficial/ anterior to the flexor retinaculum lateral to pisiform, medial to hook of hamate (guyons canal) antero lateral to the ulnar nerve

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3
Q

The ulnar artery divides into what branches in the hand

A

Main branch, superficial palmar arch and deep palmar branch

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4
Q

How does the radial artery enter into the hand

A

Curves dorsally around the scaphoid and trapezium crossing the floor of the anatomical snuff box

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5
Q

The radial artery enters the palm where

A

Between the heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle then turns medially between the heads of the adductor pollicis

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6
Q

As the radial artery crosses the deep palmar space the radial artery divides into a main branch called what

A

Deep palmar arch

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7
Q

The deep palmar arch turns medially where

A

Metacarpal bases

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8
Q

When the deep palmar arch turns medially at the metacarpal bases it meets what

A

Deep palmar branch off the ulnar artery

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9
Q

What forms off the deep palmar arch

A

Palmar metacarpals arteries

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10
Q

The superficial palmar arch gives off what arteries

A

Common palmar digital arteries

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11
Q

The common palmar digital attires go to what digits

A

2-4

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12
Q

What anastomoses to form the pairs proper palmar digital arteries

A

Common palmar digital arteries and palmar metacarpal arteries

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13
Q

The deep palmar arch also gives off what other arteries

A

Princeps pollicis artery and radialic indicis artery

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14
Q

What veins parallel the arterial structure in the hand

A

Superficial and deep palmar venous arches

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15
Q

Dorsal metacarpal veins unite to form what

A

Dorsal venous network

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16
Q

What is an important factor in homeostasis of the hand

A

Flow control

17
Q

What can result in tissue ischemia of the hand

A

Vasoconstriction drive by sympathetic system

18
Q

What is an appropriate form of ischemia

A

Frost bite

19
Q

What is an example of inappropriate ischemia of hand

A

Reynauds disease

20
Q

What causes Raynaud’s disease

A

A hyper activation of the sympathetic system in response to cold or emotional stress resulting in extreme vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels leading to tissue hypoxia

21
Q

What are the symptoms of Raynaud’s disease

A

Skin turns white Cold and numb then blue color, then turn red and back to normal with swelling and tingling

22
Q

What is primary Raynaud’s disease

A

Hereditary, allergic to cold, not accompanied by other diseases

23
Q

What is secondary Raynaud’s disease

A

Accompanied by CT disorders, lupus, erythematosus, scleroderma/ systemic sclerosis/ CREST syndrome, arthritis and many others, carpal tunnel syndrome and obstructive arterial disease

24
Q

What type of Raynaud’s disease can lead to necrosis of fingertipsf

A

Secondary

25
Q

What medications can cause secondary raynauds

A

Beta blockers and ergotamine

26
Q

What tendons of muscles enter a common flexor sheath deep to the flexor retinaculum

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

27
Q

Tendons of FDS and FDP radiate to what in the hand

A

Individual digital synovial sheaths

28
Q

Where does the FDS tenon split

A

Base of the proximal phalanx (tendonous chiasm)

29
Q

Why does the FDP tendons split

A

Allow the FDP tendons to pass to the distal phalanxes

30
Q

The split FDS tendons attach where

A

Base of the middle phalanxes

31
Q

What can happen if a phalanx becomes fractured

A

Generate a hematoma with resulting inflammation and fibrosis

32
Q

Extensor tendons in are held in place by what

A

Extensor retinaculum

33
Q

Function of extensor retinaculum

A

Prevents bowstringing

34
Q

What reduces the friction as extensor tendons pass through osseofibrous tunnels

A

Synovial tendon sheaths

35
Q

What forms the osseofibrous tunnels on the dorsum of hand

A

Attachments of the extensor retinaculum to the distal radius and ulna