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Extremities Lecture > Unit One Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Unit One Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome produced by

A

Compression of the components of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery or subclavian vein

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2
Q

What are the subtype of thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Neurogenic TOS, arterial TOS and venous TOS

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3
Q

The compression of TOS can be

A

Positional or static

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4
Q

What occurs during positional TOS

A

Caused by movement of the clavicle and shoulder girdle with arm movement

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5
Q

What occurs during static TOS

A

Caused by abnormalities or enlargement of the various muscles surrounding the arteries, veins and brachial plexus

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6
Q

The presence of a cervical rib can cause a form of TOS due to

A

Compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery

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7
Q

Cervical rib and what can cause TOS

A

Scalenus muscle

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8
Q

Brachial plexus is formed by union of

A

Anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1

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9
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus

A

C5-C8, T1

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10
Q

The brachial plexus roots pass laterally between

A

Anterior and middle scalene muscles

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11
Q

The brachial plexus roots run along with what vessel

A

Subclavian artery

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12
Q

What joins the brachial roots as they pass between the scalenes

A

Sympathetic fibers from the middle and inferior cervical ganglia

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13
Q

What trunks form from the brachial roots

A

Superior, middle and inferior

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14
Q

Superior trunk formed by

A

C5 and C6

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15
Q

Middle trunk forms from what root

A

C7

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16
Q

Inferior trunk forms from what root

A

C8 and T1

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17
Q

As the trunks pass lateral to the first rib each trunk then

A

Splits into anterior and posterior divisions

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18
Q

When do the trunks become divisions

A

When passing under the clavicle and enter the cervicoaxillary canal

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19
Q

Anterior division of the brachial plexus innervates

A

The muscles of the anterior compartment in the arm and forearm

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20
Q

The posterior division of the brachial plexus innervates

A

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm

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21
Q

Divisions of the brachial plexus then forms what and where

A

Cords and area superior to the pectoral minor muscle

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22
Q

Superior and middle anterior divisions unite to form

A

The lateral cord

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23
Q

Inferior anterior division of the inferior trunk forms

A

The medial cord

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24
Q

Posterior divisions unite to form the

A

Posterior cord

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25
Q

What are the branches from the rami of the BP

A

Dorsal scapular and long thoracic

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26
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve innervates

A

Rhomboids and levator scapulae

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27
Q

Long thoracic nerve innervates

A

Serratus anterior

28
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve comes off which rami

A

C5

29
Q

Long thoracic nerve comes off what rami

A

C5, C6 and C7

30
Q

Branches from the trunk of BP

A

Nerve to subclavius

31
Q

Subclavius nerve innervates

A

Subclavius

32
Q

What branch comes off the division of BP

A

Suprascapular nerve

33
Q

Suprascapular nerve innervates

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

34
Q

The supraclavicular branches are

A

Root branches, trunk branches, and division branches

35
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve pierces

A

Middle scalene and passes inferiorly to the rhomboids

36
Q

C5 also gives a root to what nerve

A

Phrenic nerve

37
Q

Phrenic nerve comes from

A

C3-C5

38
Q

Nerve to subclavius comes from what trunk

A

Superior

39
Q

The nerve to subclavius passes directly to the inferior surface of the

A

Clavicle and gives branch to sternoclavicular joint

40
Q

Suprascapular nerve comes from what division of BP

A

Anterior division of superior trunk

41
Q

Suprascapular nerves runs parallel to

A

Suprascapular artery

42
Q

How does the suprascapular n run to the scapula

A

Goes underneath suprascapular ligament of suprascapular notch to supply the supraspinatus muscle and around the greater scapular notch to the infraspinatus muscle

43
Q

What are the nerves that come from the cords

A

Lateral pectoral, medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, medial antebrachial cutaneous, lower subscapular, upper subscapular, thoracodorsal nerve

44
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve innervates

A

Pectoralis major

45
Q

Medial pectoral innervates

A

Pectoral major and minor

46
Q

Medial brachial cutaneous innervates

A

Skin and medial arm

47
Q

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervates

A

Skin and medial forearm

48
Q

Lower subscapular nerve innervates

A

Teres major and subscapularis

49
Q

Upper subscapular nerve innervates

A

Subscapularis

50
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve innervates

A

Latissimus dorsi

51
Q

Brachial plexus can be divided into what two parts

A

Supraclavicular and infraclavicular

52
Q

Supraclavicular contains

A

Root, trunk and divisions

53
Q

Infraclavicular contains what of BP

A

Cords and branches

54
Q

What are the infraclavicular cords

A

Lateral, posterior, and medial

55
Q

what are the branches off of the lateral cord

A

Musculocutaneous, median, and lateral pectoral

56
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve innervates

A

Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii and brachialis

57
Q

Lateral pectoral innervates

A

Pectoralis major

58
Q

What are the branches off of the posterior cord

A

Axillary, radial, upper subscapular, lower subscapular and thoracodorsal

59
Q

Axillary nerve innervates

A

Teres minor and deltoid

60
Q

Radial nerve innervates

A

Triceps brachii, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis

61
Q

Upper subscapular innervates

A

Subscapularis

62
Q

Lower subscapular nerve innervates

A

Subscapularis and teres major

63
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve innervates

A

Latissimus dorsi

64
Q

What are the branches off of the medial cord

A

Ulnar, median nerve, medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, medial antebrachial

65
Q

Medial pectoral nerve innervates

A

Pectoralis major and minor

66
Q

The median nerve is formed from

A

Medial and lateral cord

Extremities Lecture (15 decks)

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