Unit One Posterior Axioapp Muscles Flashcards
What are the three distinct groups of shoulder muscles
Anterior axioappendicular, posterior axioappendicular and scapulohumeral muscles
The anterior axioappendicular muscles move what
Pectoral girdle
The posterior axioappendicular muscles attach
The upper limb to the skeleton of the trunk
The scapulohumeral muscles act on the
Glenohumeral joint
The posterior axioappendicular muscles contain how many muscles
5
What are the posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
What are the superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus dorsi and trapezius
What are the deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
Levator scapulae and rhomboid major and minor
What are the muscles of the scapulohumeral muscles
Deltoid, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis
The scapulohumeral muscles contain how many muscles
6
What is the large flat muscle that attaches the pectoral girdle to the trunk
Trapezius
What muscle raises the trunk to the arm (pull ups)
Latissimus dorsi
Weakness in this muscle significantly impairs climbing
Latissimus dorsi
What is the test for latissimus dorsi muscle
Abduct arm to 90 degrees, then adduct against resistance
The triangle of auscultation is found where
Between the trapezius, latissimus dorsi and medial border of the scapula
The floor of the triangle of auscultation is formed by
Rhomboid major
The triangle of auscultation covers the intercostal space of ribs
6 and 7
Triangle of auscultation allows for
Hearing breathing sounds of lungs
Test for rhomboid major and minor
Place hands posteriorly on hips and push elbows back against resistance
The posterior axioappendicular muscles serve to
Position and fix the base of the upper extremity (scapula and clavicle) so that the limb can function
The superficial and deeps muscles of the posterior axioappendicular muscles function in antagonistic and synergistic groups to position what
Scapuloclavicular unit
Independent innervation of synergistic groups of the posterior axioappendicular results in
Little reduction of function in the face of an isolated nerve injury
What is the exception with the independent innervation of synergistic groups in the posterior axioappendicular
Superior trapezius by CN XI and upward rotation of the lateral angle of the scapula
Test of deltoid
Resist abduction at greater than 15 degrees
What muscle forms the posterior inferior border of the axilla
Teres major
Test of teres major
Palpation of muscle during adduction of the abducted arm
How does the axillary nerve cause a risk in fractures, dislocations and traction injuries
Passes around surgical neck of humerus
Rotator cuff muscles are what type of shoulder muscles
Intrinsic
The rotator cuff muscles form a musculotendinous cuff that blends with what
Glenohumeral joint capsule
Tonic contraction of the rotator cuff muscles helps keep what in place and where
Keep the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
What are the rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis
Test of infraspinatus muscle
Flex at the elbow, adduct arm, and laterally rotate against resistance
Teres minor is hidden by what muscle
Deltoid
Rotator cuff muscles suffer wear and tear to
The tendons especially the supraspinatus
Rotator cuff often injured in what athletes
Throwing
Uneducated, ill informed, weekend athletes, body builders, weight lifters often injure rotator cuff due to
Neglect
Stage one of rotator cuff injuries
Edema and hemorrhage (most common in <25 yo)
Stage two of rotator cuff injury
Fibrosis and tendinitis (age 25 to 40)
Stage three of rotator cuff injury
Tears of cuff (older than 50)
