Unit Two Articulations Of UE Flashcards
1
Q
What are the joints of the pectoral girdle
A
Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joint
2
Q
Major role of joints of pectoral girdle
A
Positioning the distal upper extremity to perform manipulations
3
Q
What is the law of hilton
A
Joints are innervated by the nerves supplying the muscles that move the joint
4
Q
The sternoclavicular joint is what type of synovial joint
A
Saddle type
5
Q
The articular disc in the sternoclavicular joint has how many compartments
A
Two
6
Q
The articular disc in the sternoclavicular joint is held in place by
A
Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
7
Q
Articular disc in sternoclavicular joint acts as what
A
Shock absorber
8
Q
The interclavicular ligament runs between what
A
The two clavicles
9
Q
Function of interclavicular ligament
A
Strengthens the joint capsule superiorly and connects the clavicles
10
Q
Sternal head of clavicle articulates with what
A
Manubrium and 1st costal cartilage
11
Q
What surrounds the sternoclavicular joint
A
Fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane
12
Q
What reinforces the fibrous capsule of the sternoclavicular joint
A
Anterior and posterior ligaments
13
Q
Function of costoclavicular ligaments
A
Anchor the proximal clavicle inferiorly to the 1st rib costal cartilage
14
Q
Sternoclavicular joint can abduct how many degrees
A
60
15
Q
The sternoclavicular joint can move in the A-P range of how many degrees
A
30
16
Q
What innervates the sternoclavicular joint
A
Supraclavicular nerves and nerve to subclavius
17
Q
What is the type of synovial joint of the acromioclavicular joint
A
Plane type
18
Q
The articular surfaces of the acromioclavicular joint are separated by
A
Incomplete articular disc
19
Q
What strengthens the superior margin of the acromioclavicular joint capsule
A
Fibers of trapezius muscle
20
Q
What in the acromioclavicular joint strengthens the superior joint capsule and connects bony ends
A
Acromioclavicular ligament
21
Q
The coracoclavicular ligament runs from
A
Coracoid process to clavicle
22
Q
What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament
A
Conoid and trapezoid ligaments
23
Q
Function of coracoclavicular ligament
A
Prevents the acromion from being driven beneath the clavicle and serves to suspend upper extremity from the clavicle
24
Q
What provides the most strength to the acromioclavicular joint
A
Extrinsic ligaments
25
Do the extrinsic ligaments attach to the acromioclavicular joint
No
26
Function of the coracoacromial ligaments
Anchor the acromion to the coracoid process
27
What are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular, extrinsic and coracoacromial ligaments
28
Acromioclavicular joint is innervated by
Lateral cutaneous branch of the Supraclavicular nerve, the axillary and lateral pectoral nerve
29
What is the type of synovial joint of glenohumeral joint
Ball and socket type
30
What is the most mobile and unstable joint in the body
Glenohumeral joint
31
The glenoid cavity is deepened by what
Fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum
32
The joint surfaces of the glenohumeral joint are lined by
Hyaline cartilage
33
1/3rd of the humerus head is accommodated by what
Glenoid fossa
34
What ligaments are associated with the glenohumeral joint
Glenohumeral, coracohumeral, transverse humeral, coracoacromial ligament
35
What ligament is 3 bands, strengthens anterior joint of glenohumeral joint
Glenohumeral ligament
36
What ligament runs across the top of the glenohumeral joint
Coracohumeral ligament
37
What ligament covers the interbercular groove of the glenohumeral joint
Transverse humeral ligament
38
What ligament is from coracoid to acromial process of the glenohumeral joint
Coracoacromial ligament
39
What helps maintain the head in proper position of the glenohumeral joint
Intrinsic tone of the of the rotator cuff muscles
40
A loose fibrous capsule attaches to what on the glenohumeral joint
Medial margin of the glenoid cavity and laterally to the anatomical neck of the humerus
41
The glenohumeral joint has what lining the capsule
Synovial membrane
42
The synovial membrane of the glenohumeral joint forms a sheath for what
The long head of the biceps
43
What bursa in the glenohumeral joint communicates with the synovial joint
Subscapular bursa
44
The glenohumeral ligament is formed by
Folds of fibrous bands radiating from the labrum inferiorly and laterally
45
What ligament in the glenohumeral joint serves to strengthen the anterior capsule
Glenohumeral ligament
46
Where can you see the glenohumeral ligament
Internal inspection of the capsule
47
What ligament in the glenohumeral joint strengthens the capsule superiorly
Coracohumeral ligament
48
The coracohumeral ligament runs from
Base of the coracoid process to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle
49
The transverse humeral ligament runs from
The greater to lesser tubercle
50
What ligament creates a canal for the long head of the biceps
Transverse humeral ligament
51
The coracoacromial ligament attaches what to what
Acromion to the coracoid process
52
What forms the coracoacromial arch
The acromion-coracoacromial ligament coracoid process
53
Function of coracoacromial arch
Prevents superior displacement of the humerus
54
The coracoacromial arch is so strong what happens before this structure fails
Humerus or clavicle will fracture
55
What joint in UE has more ROM that any other joint
Glenohumeral joint
56
Why does glenohumeral joint have more ROM
Lax joint capsule and a large head in a shallow cavity
57
What increases the range of abduction in the glenohumeral joint
Lateral rotation by releasing the greater tubercle from contact with the coracoacromial arch
58
What scapulohumeral muscles act on the humerus
Deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi and rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
59
What innervates the glenohumeral joint
Suprascapular, lateral pectoral, axillary, lower subscapular and thoracodorsal nerves
60
Bursae are located where
Tendons rub on bones, ligaments or other tendons, or where the skin moves over a bony prominence
61
Where is the subacromial bursa
Sits between the acromion, coracoacromial ligament, deltoid muscle, supraspinatus tendon and the joint capsule of glenohumeral joint
62
Subacromial bursa facilitates what
Supraspinatus tendon movement
63
What are the two bursae of the glenohumeral joint
Subacromial and subscapular bursa
64
Where is the subscapular bursa located
Between the subscapularis tendon and the neck of the scapula
65
Function of subscapular bursa
Protects the tendon where it passes inferiorly to the base of the coracoid process and the scapular neck
66
Dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint occurs how often
Rarely
67
What causes an AC joint rupture
Direct injury or transmitted forces
68
AC joint rupture is what
Shoulder separation
69
The AC joint is weak compared to
The extrinsic coracoclavicular ligaments
70
What happens with the AC joint and coracoclavicular ligament are disrupted
Pectoral girdle is released from the axial skeleton
71
AC joint injuries are described at what grades
Grade 1 mild, grade 2 moderate, grade 3 severe
72
What is Grade 1 in AC joint injury
Minor injuries to the fibers of the AC joint, radiographs are normal
73
Grade 2 of AC joint injury
Disruption of the acromioclavicular (intrinsic) ligaments with posterior displacement of the distal part of the clavicle that manifests on AP radiograph as AC joint widening
74
What does Grade 2 AC joint injury look like
Minimal elevation of the distal clavicle relative to the acromion but the coracoclavicular distance remains normal
75
Grade 3 of AC joint injury
Disruption of both the acromioclavicular (intrinsic) ligaments and the coracoclavicular (extrinsic) ligaments
76
What does grade 3 AC joint injury
Elevation of the distal clavicle and widening of the coracoclavicular space, the space between the coracoid and the undersurface of the clavicle
77
What in the rotator cuff is particularly prone to injury
Supraspinatus tendon
78
What produces inflammation of the cuff muscles
Impingement of the humeral head on the coracoacromial arch
79
Why is upward dislocation rare in the UE
Coracoacromial arch and rotator cuff
80
How does an anterior dislocation of humerus occur
Pressure is applied to the fully abducted humerus using the acromion as a fulcrum
81
What is the most common dislocation of the UE
Humerus dislocated inferiorly
82
What occurs during a humerus dislocation inferiorly
Joint capsule is least supported, usually the head of the dislocated humerus rests anterior to the infraglenoid tubercle
83
Inferior dislocations are frequently associated with what
Avulsion fractures of the greater tubercle (insertion site of Supra, infra and teres minor)
84
What is adhesive capsulitis
Fibrosis and adhesions
85
What occurs during frozen shoulder
Fibrosis and adhesions between the glenohumeral joint capsule, rotator cuff tendons, subacromial bursa and deltoid
86
The elbow joint is what type of joint
Hinge
87
Where are the articulations in the elbow joint
Humerus, radius and ulna
88
Trochlea articulates with what
Trochlear notch on ulna
89
Capitulum articulates with what
Radial head of radius
90
The fibrous joint capsule surrounds the elbow joint and attaches to
Humerus at the margins of the ends of the articular surfaces
91
The synovial membrane of the elbow joint is continuous with what
Proximal radio-ulnar joint
92
What strengthens the capsule of the elbow joint
Medial and lateral ligaments
93
Lateral collateral ligament AKA
Radial collateral ligament
94
Shape of lateral collateral ligament
Triangular band
95
The lateral collateral ligament runs from
Lateral epicondyle of humerus to blend with the annular ligament of the radius
96
Function of annular ligament
Hold the radial head in the radial notch of ulna, allowing for pronation and supination
97
Medial collateral ligament AKA
Ulnar collateral ligament
98
The medial collateral ligament extends from
Medial epicondyle to the conoid process and olecranon of the ulna
99
What are the three parts of the medial collateral ligament
Anterior cord, posterior cord, oblique band
100
What is the strongest cord of the medial collateral ligament
Anterior cord
101
What is the fan shaped and weakest cord of the medial collateral ligament
Posterior cord
102
What is tommy John surgery
Replacement of the anterior cord of the medial collateral ligament
103
In tommy john surgery what replaces the anterior cord
Cadaver tendon or palmaris longus
104
Replacement of the anterior cord of medial collateral Iigament results in
Greater valgus stress tolerance and less joint laxity
105
How is anterior cord replaced in tommy john surgery
Submuscular placement of ligament/tendon woven in figure 8 pattern through tunnels in the ulna and humerus
106
The promixal radioulnar joint is what type of joint
Pivot joint
107
What holds the radial head in place
Annular ligament of the radius
108
What is continuous with the elbow joint
Joint capsule and synovial membrane
109
How is the annular ligament attached to the elbow joint
Ulna anterior and posterior to the radial notch forming a collar around the radial head and has a distal extension to form the sacciform recess
110
The sacciform recess in the proximal radioulnar joint allows for
Unimpaired rotation
111
The quadrate ligament in the proximal radioulnar joint is where
Extends from the inferior border of the annular ligament below the radial notch to the neck of the radius
112
What are the ligaments in the proximal radioulnar joint
Annular ligament and quadrate ligament
113
Main flexors of elbow
Biceps, brachialis and brachioradialis
114
Main extensors of elbow
Triceps
115
What is the degree that the elbow is fully extended
170
116
Carrying angle of elbow for male
10 to 15 degree
117
Carrying angle of elbow for females
Greater than 15 degrees
118
Blood supply of elbow
Periarticular anastomotic network
119
Innervation of elbow
Musculocutaneous, radial and ulnar nerves
120
The carrying angle percents the arm to do what
Be swung without contacting the hips
121
What are the three olecranon bursae
Intratendinous olecranon, subtendinous olecranon, subcutaneous olecranon bursa
122
Location of intratendinous olecranon bursa
Present in triceps tendon
123
Location of subtendinous olecranon bursa
Present in triceps tendon
124
Location of subcutaneous olecranon bursa
Subcutaneous tissue over the olecranon
125
Bicipital bursa does what
Separates the biceps tendon from the anterior aspect of the radial tuberosity
126
How to subluxate the radial head of child
Lift UE with arm pronates
127
What happens to annular ligament in subluxation of the radial head
Disrupted and trapped between the radial head and capitulum
128
How to fix the subluxation of the radial head
Slow supination with the elbow extended under mild distraction
129
What is the main radioulnar ligament
Interosseous membrane
130
The distal radioulnar joint is what type of joint
Pivot, radius moves around the fixed distal end of ulna
131
What binds the ends of the radius and ulna of the distal radioulnar joint
Fibrocartilaginous articular disc
132
How does the fibrocartilaginous disc in the distal radioulnar joint attach
Attach to medial edge of ulnar notch and apex of the disc is attached to the lateral side of the base of the ulnar styloid process
133
The disc in the distal radioulnar joint separates what
Cavity of distal radioulnar joint from cavity of wrist joint
134
Ligaments of the distal radioulnar joint
Anterior and posterior ligaments from radius to ulna
135
Nerve and vascular supply of distal radioulnar joint
Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries and nerves
